diff --git a/lib/ajv.js b/lib/ajv.js
index 82af28c..dde836f 100644
--- a/lib/ajv.js
+++ b/lib/ajv.js
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ function Ajv(opts) {
   this._loadingSchemas = {};
   this._compilations = [];
   this.RULES = rules();
+  this._getId = chooseGetId(opts);
 
   opts.loopRequired = opts.loopRequired || Infinity;
   if (opts.errorDataPath == 'property') opts._errorDataPathProperty = true;
@@ -136,9 +137,10 @@ function addSchema(schema, key, _skipValidation, _meta) {
     for (var i=0; i<schema.length; i++) this.addSchema(schema[i], undefined, _skipValidation, _meta);
     return;
   }
-  if (schema.id !== undefined && typeof schema.id != 'string')
+  var id = this._getId(schema);
+  if (id !== undefined && typeof id != 'string')
     throw new Error('schema id must be string');
-  key = resolve.normalizeId(key || schema.id);
+  key = resolve.normalizeId(key || id);
   checkUnique(this, key);
   this._schemas[key] = this._addSchema(schema, _skipValidation, _meta, true);
 }
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ function validateSchema(schema, throwOrLogError) {
 function defaultMeta(self) {
   var meta = self._opts.meta;
   self._opts.defaultMeta = typeof meta == 'object'
-                            ? meta.id || meta
+                            ? self._getId(meta) || meta
                             : self.getSchema(META_SCHEMA_ID)
                               ? META_SCHEMA_ID
                               : undefined;
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ function removeSchema(schemaKeyRef) {
       var serialize = this._opts.serialize;
       var cacheKey = serialize ? serialize(schemaKeyRef) : schemaKeyRef;
       this._cache.del(cacheKey);
-      var id = schemaKeyRef.id;
+      var id = this._getId(schemaKeyRef);
       if (id) {
         id = resolve.normalizeId(id);
         delete this._schemas[id];
@@ -305,12 +307,12 @@ function _addSchema(schema, skipValidation, meta, shouldAddSchema) {
 
   shouldAddSchema = shouldAddSchema || this._opts.addUsedSchema !== false;
 
-  var id = resolve.normalizeId(schema.id);
+  var id = resolve.normalizeId(this._getId(schema));
   if (id && shouldAddSchema) checkUnique(this, id);
 
   var willValidate = this._opts.validateSchema !== false && !skipValidation;
   var recursiveMeta;
-  if (willValidate && !(recursiveMeta = schema.id && schema.id == schema.$schema))
+  if (willValidate && !(recursiveMeta = id && id == resolve.normalizeId(schema.$schema)))
     this.validateSchema(schema, true);
 
   var localRefs = resolve.ids.call(this, schema);
@@ -374,6 +376,34 @@ function _compile(schemaObj, root) {
 }
 
 
+function chooseGetId(opts) {
+  switch (opts.schemaId) {
+    case '$id': return _get$Id;
+    case 'id': return _getId;
+    default: return _get$IdOrId;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function _getId(schema) {
+  if (schema.$id) console.warn('schema $id ignored', schema.$id);
+  return schema.id;
+}
+
+
+function _get$Id(schema) {
+  if (schema.id) console.warn('schema id ignored', schema.id);
+  return schema.$id;
+}
+
+
+function _get$IdOrId(schema) {
+  if (schema.$id && schema.id && schema.$id != schema.id)
+    throw new Error('schema $id is different from id');
+  return schema.$id || schema.id;
+}
+
+
 /**
  * Convert array of error message objects to string
  * @this   Ajv
@@ -413,7 +443,7 @@ function addDraft6MetaSchema(self) {
   var $dataSchema;
   if (self._opts.$data) {
     $dataSchema = require('./refs/$data.json');
-    self.addMetaSchema($dataSchema, $dataSchema.id, true);
+    self.addMetaSchema($dataSchema, $dataSchema.$id, true);
   }
   if (self._opts.meta === false) return;
   var metaSchema = require('./refs/json-schema-draft-06.json');
diff --git a/lib/compile/resolve.js b/lib/compile/resolve.js
index 211493c..10e9c44 100644
--- a/lib/compile/resolve.js
+++ b/lib/compile/resolve.js
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function resolveSchema(root, ref) {
   /* jshint validthis: true */
   var p = url.parse(ref, false, true)
     , refPath = _getFullPath(p)
-    , baseId = getFullPath(root.schema.id);
+    , baseId = getFullPath(this._getId(root.schema));
   if (refPath !== baseId) {
     var id = normalizeId(refPath);
     var refVal = this._refs[id];
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ function resolveSchema(root, ref) {
       }
     }
     if (!root.schema) return;
-    baseId = getFullPath(root.schema.id);
+    baseId = getFullPath(this._getId(root.schema));
   }
   return getJsonPointer.call(this, p, baseId, root.schema, root);
 }
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ function resolveRecursive(root, ref, parsedRef) {
     var schema = res.schema;
     var baseId = res.baseId;
     root = res.root;
-    if (schema.id) baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, schema.id);
+    var id = this._getId(schema);
+    if (id) baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, id);
     return getJsonPointer.call(this, parsedRef, baseId, schema, root);
   }
 }
@@ -123,7 +124,9 @@ function getJsonPointer(parsedRef, baseId, schema, root) {
       part = util.unescapeFragment(part);
       schema = schema[part];
       if (schema === undefined) break;
-      if (schema.id && !PREVENT_SCOPE_CHANGE[part]) baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, schema.id);
+      var id;
+      if (!PREVENT_SCOPE_CHANGE[part] && (id = this._getId(schema)))
+        baseId = resolveUrl(baseId, id);
       if (schema.$ref) {
         var $ref = resolveUrl(baseId, schema.$ref);
         var res = resolveSchema.call(this, root, $ref);
@@ -227,7 +230,7 @@ function resolveUrl(baseId, id) {
 function resolveIds(schema) {
   /* eslint no-shadow: 0 */
   /* jshint validthis: true */
-  var id = normalizeId(schema.id);
+  var id = normalizeId(this._getId(schema));
   var localRefs = {};
   _resolveIds.call(this, schema, getFullPath(id, false), id);
   return localRefs;
@@ -239,11 +242,9 @@ function resolveIds(schema) {
       for (var i=0; i<schema.length; i++)
         _resolveIds.call(this, schema[i], fullPath+'/'+i, baseId);
     } else if (schema && typeof schema == 'object') {
-      if (typeof schema.id == 'string') {
-        var id = baseId = baseId
-                          ? url.resolve(baseId, schema.id)
-                          : schema.id;
-        id = normalizeId(id);
+      var id = this._getId(schema);
+      if (typeof id == 'string') {
+        id = baseId = normalizeId(baseId ? url.resolve(baseId, id) : id);
 
         var refVal = this._refs[id];
         if (typeof refVal == 'string') refVal = this._refs[refVal];
diff --git a/lib/dot/validate.jst b/lib/dot/validate.jst
index 33a2a78..8ca3612 100644
--- a/lib/dot/validate.jst
+++ b/lib/dot/validate.jst
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 {{
   var $async = it.schema.$async === true
-    , $refKeywords = it.util.schemaHasRulesExcept(it.schema, it.RULES.all, '$ref');
+    , $refKeywords = it.util.schemaHasRulesExcept(it.schema, it.RULES.all, '$ref')
+    , $id = it.self._getId(it.schema);
 }}
 
 {{? it.isTop }}
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@
     {{?}}
         (data, dataPath, parentData, parentDataProperty, rootData) {
           'use strict';
-          {{? it.schema.id && (it.opts.sourceCode || it.opts.processCode) }}
-            {{= '/\*# sourceURL=' + it.schema.id + ' */' }}
+          {{? $id && (it.opts.sourceCode || it.opts.processCode) }}
+            {{= '/\*# sourceURL=' + $id + ' */' }}
           {{?}}
 {{?}}
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@
       , $lvl = it.level = 0
       , $dataLvl = it.dataLevel = 0
       , $data = 'data';
-    it.rootId = it.resolve.fullPath(it.root.schema.id);
+    it.rootId = it.resolve.fullPath(it.self._getId(it.root.schema));
     it.baseId = it.baseId || it.rootId;
     delete it.isTop;
 
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@
       , $dataLvl = it.dataLevel
       , $data = 'data' + ($dataLvl || '');
 
-    if (it.schema.id) it.baseId = it.resolve.url(it.baseId, it.schema.id);
+    if ($id) it.baseId = it.resolve.url(it.baseId, $id);
 
     if ($async && !it.async) throw new Error('async schema in sync schema');
   }}
diff --git a/lib/refs/$data.json b/lib/refs/$data.json
index 3da4998..4a2edec 100644
--- a/lib/refs/$data.json
+++ b/lib/refs/$data.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
-    "id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/epoberezkin/ajv/master/lib/refs/$data.json#",
     "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+    "$id": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/epoberezkin/ajv/master/lib/refs/$data.json#",
     "description": "Meta-schema for $data reference (JSON-schema extension proposal)",
     "type": "object",
     "required": [ "$data" ],
diff --git a/lib/refs/json-schema-draft-06.json b/lib/refs/json-schema-draft-06.json
index 26f933b..c50de57 100644
--- a/lib/refs/json-schema-draft-06.json
+++ b/lib/refs/json-schema-draft-06.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
-    "id": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+    "$id": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
     "title": "Core schema meta-schema",
     "definitions": {
         "schemaArray": {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     },
     "type": ["object", "boolean"],
     "properties": {
-        "id": {
+        "$id": {
             "type": "string",
             "format": "uri-ref"
         },
diff --git a/spec/options.spec.js b/spec/options.spec.js
index b3d90a9..dc58f42 100644
--- a/spec/options.spec.js
+++ b/spec/options.spec.js
@@ -1170,4 +1170,53 @@ describe('Ajv Options', function () {
       });
     });
   });
+
+
+  describe('schemaId', function() {
+    describe('= undefined (default)', function() {
+      it('should throw if both id and $id are available and different', function() {
+        var ajv = new Ajv;
+
+        ajv.compile({
+          id: 'mySchema',
+          $id: 'mySchema'
+        });
+
+        should.throw(function() {
+          ajv.compile({
+            id: 'mySchema1',
+            $id: 'mySchema2'
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('= "id"', function() {
+      it('should use id and ignore $id', function() {
+        var ajv = new Ajv({schemaId: 'id'});
+
+        ajv.addSchema({ id: 'mySchema1', type: 'string' });
+        var validate = ajv.getSchema('mySchema1');
+        validate('foo') .should.equal(true);
+        validate(1) .should.equal(false);
+
+        validate = ajv.compile({ $id: 'mySchema2', type: 'string' });
+        should.not.exist(ajv.getSchema('mySchema2'));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('= "$id"', function() {
+      it('should use $id and ignore id', function() {
+        var ajv = new Ajv({schemaId: '$id'});
+
+        ajv.addSchema({ $id: 'mySchema1', type: 'string' });
+        var validate = ajv.getSchema('mySchema1');
+        validate('foo') .should.equal(true);
+        validate(1) .should.equal(false);
+
+        validate = ajv.compile({ id: 'mySchema2', type: 'string' });
+        should.not.exist(ajv.getSchema('mySchema2'));
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/13_root_ref_in_ref_in_remote_ref.json b/spec/tests/issues/13_root_ref_in_ref_in_remote_ref.json
index 07e14c2..5947cc5 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/13_root_ref_in_ref_in_remote_ref.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/13_root_ref_in_ref_in_remote_ref.json
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "root ref in remote ref (#13)",
-    "schema": {
-      "id": "http://localhost:1234/object",
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "name": { "$ref": "name.json#/definitions/orNull" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "id": "http://localhost:1234/issue13_1",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "name": { "$ref": "name.json#/definitions/orNull" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$id": "http://localhost:1234/issue13_2",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "name": { "$ref": "name.json#/definitions/orNull" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "string is valid",
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/14_ref_in_remote_ref_with_id.json b/spec/tests/issues/14_ref_in_remote_ref_with_id.json
index 26e1a17..ae9f3f8 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/14_ref_in_remote_ref_with_id.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/14_ref_in_remote_ref_with_id.json
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "ref in remote ref with ids",
-    "schema": {
-      "id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14a.json",
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": { "$ref": "foo.json" }
-    },
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14a_1.json",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": { "$ref": "foo.json" }
+      },
+      {
+        "$id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14a_2.json",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": { "$ref": "foo.json" }
+      }
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "string is valid",
@@ -29,11 +36,18 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "remote ref in definitions in remote ref with ids (#14)",
-    "schema": {
-      "id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14b.json",
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": { "$ref": "buu.json#/definitions/buu" }
-    },
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14b_1.json",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": { "$ref": "buu.json#/definitions/buu" }
+      },
+      {
+        "$id": "http://localhost:1234/issue14b_2.json",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": { "$ref": "buu.json#/definitions/buu" }
+      }
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "string is valid",
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/170_ref_and_id_in_sibling.json b/spec/tests/issues/170_ref_and_id_in_sibling.json
index 57e7f9c..eb48768 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/170_ref_and_id_in_sibling.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/170_ref_and_id_in_sibling.json
@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "sibling property has id (#170)",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_object",
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "title": {
-          "id": "http://example.com/title",
-          "type": "string"
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_object_1",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "title": {
+            "id": "http://example.com/title",
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "file": { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
         },
-        "file": { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
+        "definitions": {
+          "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       },
-      "definitions": {
-        "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_object_2",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "title": {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/title",
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "file": { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
+        },
+        "definitions": {
+          "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid object",
@@ -37,21 +54,38 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "sibling item has id",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_array",
-      "type": "array",
-      "items": [
-        {
-          "id": "http://example.com/0",
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
-      ],
-      "definitions": {
-        "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_array_1",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": [
+          {
+            "id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_array_2",
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": [
+          {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/file-entry" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "file-entry": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid array",
@@ -67,20 +101,36 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "sibling schema in anyOf has id",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_anyof",
-      "anyOf": [
-        {
-          "id": "http://example.com/0",
-          "type": "number"
-        },
-        { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
-      ],
-      "definitions": {
-        "def": { "type": "string" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_anyof_1",
+        "anyOf": [
+          {
+            "id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "number"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_anyof_2",
+        "anyOf": [
+          {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "number"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid string",
@@ -101,20 +151,36 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "sibling schema in oneOf has id",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_oneof",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "id": "http://example.com/0",
-          "type": "number"
-        },
-        { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
-      ],
-      "definitions": {
-        "def": { "type": "string" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_oneof_1",
+        "oneOf": [
+          {
+            "id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "number"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_oneof_2",
+        "oneOf": [
+          {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "number"
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid string",
@@ -135,21 +201,38 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "sibling schema in allOf has id",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_allof",
-      "allOf": [
-        {
-          "id": "http://example.com/0",
-          "type": "string",
-          "maxLength": 3
-        },
-        { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
-      ],
-      "definitions": {
-        "def": { "type": "string" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_allof_1",
+        "allOf": [
+          {
+            "id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "string",
+            "maxLength": 3
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_allof_2",
+        "allOf": [
+          {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/0",
+            "type": "string",
+            "maxLength": 3
+          },
+          { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        ],
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "type": "string" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid string",
@@ -165,21 +248,38 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "sibling schema in dependencies has id",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "http://example.com/base_dependencies",
-      "type": "object",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "foo": {
-          "id": "http://example.com/foo",
-          "required": [ "bar" ]
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "http://example.com/base_dependencies_1",
+        "type": "object",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "foo": {
+            "id": "http://example.com/foo",
+            "required": [ "bar" ]
+          },
+          "bar": { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
         },
-        "bar": { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "required": [ "baz" ] }
+        }
       },
-      "definitions": {
-        "def": { "required": [ "baz" ] }
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "http://example.com/base_dependencies_2",
+        "type": "object",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "foo": {
+            "$id": "http://example.com/foo",
+            "required": [ "bar" ]
+          },
+          "bar": { "$ref": "#/definitions/def" }
+        },
+        "definitions": {
+          "def": { "required": [ "baz" ] }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "valid object",
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/1_ids_in_refs.json b/spec/tests/issues/1_ids_in_refs.json
index eeddc08..5c6eed1 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/1_ids_in_refs.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/1_ids_in_refs.json
@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "IDs in refs without root id (#1)",
-    "schema": {
-      "definitions": {
-        "int": {
-          "id": "#int",
-          "type": "integer"
-        }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "definitions": {
+          "int": {
+            "id": "#int",
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        },
+        "$ref": "#int"
       },
-      "$ref": "#int"
-    },
+      {
+        "definitions": {
+          "int": {
+            "$id": "#int",
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        },
+        "$ref": "#int"
+      }
+    ],
     "tests": [
       { "description": "valid", "data": 1, "valid": true },
       { "description": "invalid", "data": "foo", "valid": false }
@@ -17,16 +28,28 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "IDs in refs with root id",
-    "schema": {
-      "id": "http://example.com/int.json",
-      "definitions": {
-        "int": {
-          "id": "#int",
-          "type": "integer"
-        }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "id": "http://example.com/int_1.json",
+        "definitions": {
+          "int": {
+            "id": "#int",
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        },
+        "$ref": "#int"
       },
-      "$ref": "#int"
-    },
+      {
+        "$id": "http://example.com/int_2.json",
+        "definitions": {
+          "int": {
+            "$id": "#int",
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
+        },
+        "$ref": "#int"
+      }
+    ],
     "tests": [
       { "description": "valid", "data": 1, "valid": true },
       { "description": "invalid", "data": "foo", "valid": false }
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/27_recursive_reference.json b/spec/tests/issues/27_recursive_reference.json
index cf3f952..fb9a542 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/27_recursive_reference.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/27_recursive_reference.json
@@ -1,33 +1,62 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "Recursive reference (#27)",
-    "schema": {
-      "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
-      "id": "testrec",
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "layout": {
-          "id": "layout",
-          "type": "object",
-          "properties": {
-            "layout": { "type": "string" },
-            "panels": {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "anyOf": [
-                  { "type": "string" },
-                  { "$ref": "layout" }
-                ]
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
+        "id": "testrec_1",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "layout": {
+            "id": "layout",
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "layout": { "type": "string" },
+              "panels": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    { "type": "string" },
+                    { "$ref": "layout" }
+                  ]
+                }
               }
-            }
-          },
-          "required": [
-            "layout",
-            "panels"
-          ]
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "layout",
+              "panels"
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
+        "$id": "testrec_2",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "layout": {
+            "$id": "layout",
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "layout": { "type": "string" },
+              "panels": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    { "type": "string" },
+                    { "$ref": "layout" }
+                  ]
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "layout",
+              "panels"
+            ]
+          }
         }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "empty object is valid",
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/63_id_property_not_in_schema.json b/spec/tests/issues/63_id_property_not_in_schema.json
index 73c16df..8d9d36e 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/63_id_property_not_in_schema.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/63_id_property_not_in_schema.json
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 [
   {
     "description": "id property in referenced schema in object that is not a schema (#63)",
-    "schema": {
-      "type" : "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "title": { "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#/properties/title" }
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "type" : "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "title": { "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#/properties/title" }
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type" : "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "title": { "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#/properties/title" }
+        }
       }
-    },
+    ],
     "tests": [
       {
         "description": "empty object is valid",
diff --git a/spec/tests/issues/70_1_recursive_hash_ref_in_remote_ref.json b/spec/tests/issues/70_1_recursive_hash_ref_in_remote_ref.json
index 371c40f..2533386 100644
--- a/spec/tests/issues/70_1_recursive_hash_ref_in_remote_ref.json
+++ b/spec/tests/issues/70_1_recursive_hash_ref_in_remote_ref.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   {
     "description": "hash ref inside hash ref in remote ref (#70, was passing)",
     "schema": {
-        "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#/definitions/positiveIntegerDefault0"
+      "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#/definitions/positiveIntegerDefault0"
     },
     "tests": [
       { "data": 1, "valid": true, "description": "positive integer is valid" },
@@ -12,10 +12,16 @@
   },
   {
     "description": "hash ref inside hash ref in remote ref with id (#70, was passing)",
-    "schema": {
-        "id": "http://example.com/my_schema.json",
+    "schemas": [
+      {
+        "id": "http://example.com/my_schema_1.json",
         "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#/definitions/positiveIntegerDefault0"
-    },
+      },
+      {
+        "$id": "http://example.com/my_schema_2.json",
+        "$ref": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#/definitions/positiveIntegerDefault0"
+      }
+    ],
     "tests": [
       { "data": 1, "valid": true, "description": "positive integer is valid" },
       { "data": 0, "valid": true, "description": "zero is valid" },