This is probably only useful in artificial test cases, but it will be
useful if we ever do the "inodes in directory" idea for ext4.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
If there is an orphaned inode whose '..' entry is pointing at a special
file, the filetype of the '..' entry will set to the type of the special
file. When the orphaned directory is reconnected to /lost+found, the
filetype of the '..' field is not reset to EXT2_FT_DIR, so a second
e2fsck is required to repair the filesystem.
We address this situation by setting the filetype of '..' when we
reconnect the inode to /lost+found.
Addresses Lustre Bug: #11645
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This is not yet ready to be used yet, but add it into the tree so that
future patches don't have to deal with manually adding this binary
image file into the tree.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The e2fsprogs and kernel implementation of directory hash tree has a
bug which causes the implementation to be dependent on whether
characters are signed or unsigned. Platforms such as the PowerPC,
Arm, and S/390 have signed characters by default, which means that
hash directories on those systems are incompatible with hash
directories on other systems, such as the x86.
To fix this we add a new flags field to the superblock, and define two
new bits in that field to indicate whether or not the directory should
be signed or unsigned. If the bits are not set, e2fsck and fixed
kernels will set them to the signed/unsigned value of the currently
running platform, and then respect those bits when calculating the
directory hash. This allows compatibility with current filesystems,
as well as allowing cross-architectural compatibility.
Addresses Debian Bug: #389772
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
- EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE (0x0008) - change i_blocks to be
in units of s_blocksize units instead of 512-byte sectors, use
l_i_frag and l_i_fsize as i_blocks_hi (could also be part of 64BIT).
E2fsck and debugfs changed to support i_blocks_hi instead of l_i_frag and
l_i_fsize.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Create new ext2fs library inline functions in order to calculate
the starting and ending blocks in a block group.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <esandeen@redhat.com>
When allocating space for the RAID filesystems with the stride parameter,
place each portion of the group's inode table right up after the superblock
(if present) in order to minimize fragmentation of the freespace.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Also, use this environtment variable to make sure that a local
/etc/e2fsck.conf file will not interfere with the regression test
suite.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Detect if the superblock's last mount field or last write field is in
the future, and offer to fix if so. (Addresses Debian Bug #327580)
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Add the --valgrind option to the tests/test_script which allows us to
run the e2fsprogs regression test suite under valgrind.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This was actually caused by two bugs. The first bug is that if the
inode has been fully fixed up, the code will attempt to remove the
inode from the inode_bad_map without checking to see if this bitmap is
present. Since it is cleared at the end of pass 2, if
e2fsck_process_bad_inode is called in pass 4 (as it is for
disconnected inodes), this would result in a core dump.
The first bug was mostly hidden by a second bug, which caused
e2fsck_process_bad_inode() to consider all inodes without an extended
attribute to be not fixed.
Note: This bug was introduced in e2fsprogs 1.36.
(Addresses Debian Bug: #316736)
easier to understand (sorry, translators).
Add new @m (multiply-claimed) and @n (invalid) expansions for e2fsck
problem descriptions.
Add Dutch translation, and update French translation.
Add an explanation of how the @-expansion and %-exapansion works in
e2fsck/problem.c to make life easier for the translators.
Synchronize and update po files.
f_swapfs, f_move_itable, f_resize_inode, test_config:
Allow the diff options to be set in test_config so that
diff -u can be used on platforms that have it. (To be
done: checking whether diff can support -u in the
configure script.)
as well as the filesystem-wide inode and block free counts. If any of the
free counts is too large, force a full filesystem check. (Addresses
Debian Bug #291571)
for compatibility with FreeBSD. In $DEBUGFS commands, move the
-R arg argument first so that systems with non-GNU getopt()
can see the request argument (they would otherwise stop
parsing at the first non-option argument).
need to create a lost+found directory. This may
invalidate our pointer to the directory information, so we
must look it up again after calling
e2fsck_reconnect_file(). (Addresses Debian bug #219640).
m_raid_opt: New test case to test raid striping
m_large_file: Fix description
run_e2fsck, run_mke2fs, filter_dumpe2fs: Add dumpe2fs output to
the test output for comparison. Add support for
compressed expect scripts.
Mke2fs has been modified to honor the MKE2FS_SKIP_PROGRESS,
MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE, and MKE2FS_SKIP_CHECK_MSG in order
facilitate the regression testing.
superblock. E2fsck will automatically save the journal information
in the superblock if it is not there already, and will use it if the
journal inode appears to be corrupted. ext2fs_add_journal_inode()
will also save the backup information, so that new filesystems
created by mke2fs and filesystems that have journals added via
tune2fs will also have journal location written to the superblock as
well. Debugfs's logdump command has been enhanced so that it can
use the journal information in the superblock.
The debugfs man page has been improved to more fully describe the
logdump command.
Added two new functions, ext2fs_file_open2() and
ext2fs_inode_io_intern2() which take a pointer to an inode structure;
this is needed so that e2fsck and debugfs can synthesize a
fake journal inode and use it to access the journal.
f_salveage_dir: Remove HTREE flag from the test image's
superblock. (It is not needed).
f_h_reindex: Skip this test of the htree is not enabled
f_dup_de: If htree is not enabled, clear the htree flag, and use
alternate expect scripts for the test.
Fix typo's in README.subset
Change debian control file so it doesn't bomb out if the EVMS FSIM
is not there, since it is not built on the Hurd. Resolves Debian
bug #189687.
inode counters from the block group specific counters
quietly. This is needed for an experimental patch which
eliminates locking the entire filesystem when allocating
blocks or inodes; if the filesystem is not unmounted
cleanly, the global counts may not be accurate.
Disable certain tests that depend on the byteswapping functions
being present so that "make check" succeeds even if --disable-swapfs
is passed to the configure script.
Add additional checks to HTREE directories. We now check the count
and limit fields in the htree header, as well as assuring that the
hash table in each interior node is in ascending order. We also
check to make sure all leaf nodes are have the expected depth in
the tree.
Updated test cases to deal with all of the above.
8192-byte and 16384-byte blocksize filesystems.
Change the default bytes-per-inode ratio of a new filesystem to be at most
one inode per block for large blocksizes.
would cause i_size to be too big), and offer to truncate the inode.
Remove old bogus i_size checks.
Add test case which tests e2fsck's handling of large sparse files.
Older e2fsck with the old(er) bogus i_size checks didn't handle
this correctly.
V2 fields are set on a V1 journal superblock, or an
internal V2 journal has s_nr_users is non-zero, clear the
entire journal superblock beyond the V1 superblock. This
fixes botched V1->V2 updates.
problem.c, problem.h (PR_0_CLEAR_V2_JOURNAL): Add new problem code.
f_bad_local_jnl: New test which tests for a V2 journal with bad
fields caused by a botched V1->V2 upgrade.
changes in the problem code texts.
f_swapfs: The image file used by f_swapfs had bugs which got
caught by Andreas' changes to be more strict about
symlinks.
f_badinode: Added a fast symlink with an invalid size to test e2fsck's
handling of this case.
RELEASE-NOTES:
Upate last couple of changes for the WIP release.
Makefile.in: Move include/asm/types.h.in to lib/ext2fs/ext2_fs.h.in.
wordwrap.pl: Add some rules which help fix up the dependencies.
Many files:
Move include/asm/types.h.in to lib/ext2fs/ext2_fs.h.in.
d_loaddump: Fix test script to remove bash'isms, and make the shell
script more robust in cases where the user has overridden CFLAGS so
that the debugfs binary isn't compiled with -g, and is smaller than
128k. Also specify the blocksize to be used explictly to avoid
problems with people who change the mke2fs default parameters.
pass1.c: Treat inodes with a low dtime (that were from a corrupted
orphan list) specially.
problem.c, problem.h: Add new problem codes PR_1_LOW_DTIME and
PR_1_ORPHAN_LIST_REFUGEES, and a new latch group, PR_LATCH_LOW_DTIME.
problemP.h: Expand the size of the problem flag to be an int instead
of a short. Expand space in the flag word which is reserved for
problem latch flags from 3 bits to 8 bits.
ChangeLog, expect.1, expect.2, image.gz, name:
f_badorphan: New test which verifies corrupted orphan list handling.
badblocks.c, chattr.c, dumpe2fs.c, e2image.c, findsuper.c, lsattr.c,
mke2fs.c, mklost+found.c, tune2fs.c, util.c: Change location of
ext2_fs.h to be ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, resize2fs.h:
resize2fs.h: Change location of ext2_fs.h to be ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, debugfs.h:
debugfs.h: Change location of ext2_fs.h to be ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, e2fsck.h, scantest.c:
e2fsck.h, scantest.c: Change location of ext2_fs.h to be
ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, tst_uuid.c, uuid_time.c:
tst_uuid.c, uuid_time.c: Remove unneeded #include of ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, e2p.h:
e2p.h: Change location of ext2_fs.h to be ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, test_icount.c, test_rel.c:
test_icount.c, test_rel.c: Change location of ext2_fs.h to be
ext2fs/ext2_fs.h
jfs_e2fsck.h, jfs_user.h: Replaces jfs_compat.h. The jfs.h file has
been moved to the include/linux directory.
journal.c, revoke.c, recovery.c: Updated files from Stephen to support
the V2 superblock and revoke processing. The journal.c and revoke.c
files are copies from the ext3 kernel source.
Makefile.in: Added revoke.c to the list of source/object files.
Makefile.in:
Fix up some mistakes in the source file list, and regenerate the
dependencies.
Update Makefile dependencies.
ChangeLog, jfs.h:
jfs.h: Remove excess #include of JFS_DEBUG. Not needed for e2fsprogs,
since we optioanlly define it in the configuration file system.
mke2fs.c (PRS): Applied Andreas Dilger's patch to make the -r -s
handling a bit more sane. (Even though -s is deprecated at this
point.)
ChangeLog, expect.1:
f_journal: Update to take into account new printing by the e2fsck
program.
version.h:
Update for upcoming WIP release.
random_exercise.c: New file which feeds a lot of file creations and
deletions (while leaving the file descriptor open, and then closing
the file descriptor later). This generates lots of fodder for the
orphan list code, as well as for the ext3 journal.
hold_inode.c: New file which holds an inode or a directory open (for
testing orphan list code).
ChangeLog, run_e2fsck, expect.1, expect.2, image.gz, name, expect:
run_e2fsck: Filter out JFS DEBUG messages when comparing e2fsck output.
f_journal: New test case which checks out running the ext3 journal.
f_orphan: New test case which checks clearing the list of orphan
inodes (files and directories).
f_swapfs/expect: Update to reflect new debugfs format for dumping the
blocks of an inode.
Commit this file for future use; contains a configure.in script for when
libuuid gets separtead out into its own package.
libext2fs.texinfo:
Update version numbers for 1.19 release.
TODO:
Commit TODO list for 1.19 release.
README:
Update file for 1.19 release.
ChangeLog, e2fsprogs.spec:
e2fsprogs.spec: Merge in a few changes from the Red Hat 6.2 spec file,
now that we're using a modern rpm to build e2fsprogs. Also updated
version number to 1.19.
version.h:
Update version number for 1.19 release.
ChangeLog:
Check in changes for 1.19 release.
ct_c.awk: Work around a bug in gawk 3.05
mk_cmds.sh.in: Allow the build system to override the standard
location for finding the ct_c.* files by setting the _SS_DIR_OVERRIDE
environment variable.
Makefile.in: Use _SS_DIR_OVERRIDE to make sure we get the version in
the source tree.
ChangeLog, Makefile.in:
Makefile.in: Use _SS_DIR_OVERRIDE to make sure we get the
mk_cmds support files from the source tree.
problem.c, problem.h (PR_0_HURD_CLEAR_FILETYPE): Add new problem code.
super.c (check_super_block): If the OS type in the superblock is the
Hurd, check to see if the filetype feature is set, and offer to clear
it if so. This needs to be done since the Hurd doesn't properly
support the filetype feature. (And since the hurd allows the
transmogrification of files to special files and vice versa --- for no
good reason that I can understand --- it can't support the filetype
feature for the forseeable future, either.)
ChangeLog, mke2fs.c:
mke2fs.c (main): We forcibly turn off the filetype feature if the OS
is the hurd, since the hurd doesn't support it. (And since the hurd
allows the transmogrification of files to special files and vice versa
--- for no good reason that I can understand --- it can't support the
filetype feature for the forseeable future, either.)
mke2fs.c (proceed_question): Fix reversed sense of proceed_question
that was busted due to the internationalization patch. Fixed bug
where if proceed_question was called twice, the input buffer wasn't
cleared of the previous question's newline.
ChangeLog, expect.1, expect.2, image.gz, name:
f_hurd: Add test for Hurd-specific features (right now, just checks to
make sure the filetype feature is cleared)
ChangeLog, ls.c:
ls.c (list_super): Change the string displayed for the Hurd to be
GNU/Hurd, instead of just "GNU".
Makefile.in (source_tar_file): Remove the resize directory from the
list of excluded files.
version.h: Update version header for an WIP release.
e2fsprogs.spec, ChangeLog:
e2fsprogs.spec: Updated for 1.19 release; added resize2fs.
ChangeLog, expect.1:
f_filetype: Updated expect script to match with new text for
immutable/append-only files.
TODO:
Update TODO file.
Makefile.in (distclean): Remove TAGS and Makefile.in.old from the
source directory. Also, when making the .exclude file for the
source_tar_file, exclude those two files as well.
Makefile.in (distclean): Remove TAGS and Makefile.in.old from the
source directory.
f_imagic: New test case which tests handling of imagic inodes in an
non-imagic-enabled filessystem.
f_imagic_fs: New test case which tests handling of imagic inodes in an
imagic-enabled filesystem.
f_filetype: New test case which tests setting filetype information in
a filesystem. Also tests handling of immutable special files
(device/fifo).
run_e2fsck: Add support for PREP_CMD, which allows a test case to
specify some commands which will be run (via eval) after the image is
compressed and before running e2fsck.
f_expand: Make test case better by testing increasing the size of
lost+found where an indirect block must be created. Also add checks
to see what happens when directories are disconnected because their
containing directory is destroyed (turned into a socket :-)
f_dupfsblks: Add additional test cases where files share duplicate
blocks with both other files and filesystem metadata.
e2fsck.h:
pass1.c (pass1_get_blocks, pass1_read_inode, pass1_write_inode,
pass1_check_directory, e2fsck_use_inode_shortcuts): Make pass1_* be
private static functions, and create new function
e2fsck_use_inode_shortcuts which sets and clears the inode shortcut
functions in the fs structure.
e2fsck.h:
pass2.c (e2fsck_process_bad_inode): Make process_bad_inode() an
exported function.
pass4.c (e2fsck_pass4): Call e2fsck_process_bad_inode to check if a
disconnected inode has any problems before connecting it to
/lost+found. Bug and suggested fix by Pavel Machek <pavel@bug.ucw.cz>
ChangeLog, swapfs.c:
swapfs.c (ext2fs_swap_inode): Add compatibility for Linux 2.3 kernels
that use i_generation instead of i_version. Patch supplied by Jon
Bright <sircus@sircus.demon.co.uk>.
ChangeLog, mke2fs.8.in:
mke2fs.8.in: Fix typo in man page which caused the badblocks command
to not show up in the "SEE ALSO" section.
ChangeLog, expect.1, expect.2, image.gz, name:
f_recnect_bad: New test which checks the case where a disconnect inode
also bad inode fields; we need to make sure e2fsck offers to fix the
inode (or clear the inode, as necessary).
message.c (safe_print): New function which prints strings, converting
non-printable characters using the '^' and M-notation. This function
is now used to print directory name entries and pathnames.
ChangeLog:
Update for release of E2fsprogs 1.14.
f_badtable, f_illitable, f_lpf: Update to deal with the fact that
e2fsck will now create a lost+found directory at the end of
pass 3 if one isn't present.
ChangeLog:
Oops; premature checkin of ChangeLog.
f_swapfs: Fix script to ignore the version string header which debugfs
now prints when it starts up.
libext2fs.texinfo:
Update copyright notice and revision date.
RELEASE-NOTES, version.h:
Update for 1.12 release.
test_icount.c (main): The variable which gets the return value from
getopt should be an int so that the comparisons against EOF work on
systems with unsigned chars.
Add a -V option which displays the current version.
ChangeLog, unix.c:
unix.c (e2fsck_update_progress): Remove unused variables.
ChangeLog, inode.c:
inode.c (get_next_blockgroup): Fix bug where if get_next_blockgroup()
is called early because of a missing inode table in a block group, the
current_inode counter wasn't incremented correctly.
ChangeLog, tst_uuid.c:
tst_uuid.c (main): Fixed bogus declaration of the main's argv parameter.
ChangeLog, test_icount.c:
test_icount.c (main): Fix main() declaration so that it returns int,
not void.
Many files:
fsck.c (ignore): Remove unused variable cp.
chattr.c (fatal_error):
tune2fs.c (usage):
lsattr.c (usage):
dumpe2fs.c (usage):
badblocks.c (usage): Remove volatile from declaration.
fsck.c: Change use of strdup to be string_copy, since we don't trust
what glibc is doing with strdup. (Whatever it is, it isn't pretty.)
configure.in: Change how the installation directions are selected.
Previously, we had prefix and usr_prefix, where prefix was '' and
usr_prefix was /usr, and we then defined bindir, ubindir, libdir,
ulibdir, etc. in terms of that. In autoconf 2.12, it's possible to
override bindir, libdir, etc., and so in order to make our
installation directory makefile variables more in line with autoconf
2.12, I've changed all of the various makefiles to use prefix and
root_prefix, where the default Linux definitions are /usr and '',
respectively. What used to be bindir is now root_bindir, and what
used to be ubindir, is now bindir.
MCONFIG.in: Change directories to match with new installation
directory convention (see above). Add Makefile
dependencies for makefile fragments, and define
DEP_LIB_MAKEFILES which library makefiles can use to
define DEP_MAKEFILES, so that the library makefiles will
get regenerated when the makefile fragments change.
Remove the cat?dir variables, since we aren't creating
those directories any more.
Makefile.in: Add top-level uninstall targets.
e2fsprogs-1.12.spec: Add to the RPM package the e2label man page, and
to reflect that fact that we now compile_et and mk_cmds for the
development package.
ChangeLog, Makefile.in:
Makefile.in: Add uninstall target (which is a just a no-op).
version.h, RELEASE-NOTES:
Update to interim version numbers for release purposes.
unix.c: Fix bug in check of feature set, to make sure we can really
fix this filesystem.
problem.h: Make blkcount type to be of type blkcnt_t. Make the num
field be a 64 bit type. Add the problem code PR_1_FEATURE_LARGE_FILES
problem.c: Add table entry for the problem code PR_1_FEATURE_LARGE_FILES.
pass1.c (e2fsck_pass1): A non-zero i_dir_acl field is only a problem
for directory inodes. (Since it is also i_size_high now.) If there
are no large_files, then clear the LARGE_FLAG feature flag. If there
are large_files, but the LARGE_FLAG feature flag is not set, complain
and offer to fix it.
(check_blocks): Add support to deal with non-directory inodes that
have i_size_high set (i.e., large_files). Don't give an error if a
directory has preallocated blocks, to support the DIR_PREALLOC
feature.
(process_block, process_bad_block): The blockcnt variable is a type of
blkcnt_t, for conversion to the new block_iterate2.
pass2.c (process_bad_inode): A non-zero i_dir_acl field is only a
problem for directory inodes. (Since it is also i_size_high now.)
message.c (expand_inode_expression): Print a 64-bits of the inode size
for non-directory inodes. (Directory inodes can only use a 32-bit
directory acl size, since i_size_high is shared with i_dir_acl.) Add
sanity check so that trying to print out the directory acl on a
non-directory inode will print zero. (expand_percent_expression): %B
and %N, which print pctx->blkcount and pctx->num, can now be 64 bit
variables. Print them using the "%lld" format if EXT2_NO_64_TYPE is
not defined.
e2fsck.h: Add the large_flagsfield to the e2fsck context.
e2fsck.c (e2fsck_reset_context): Clear the large_flags field.
ChangeLog, expect.1:
f_messy_inode: Modify test to deal with changes to support 64-bit size
files. (/MAKEDEV had i_dir_acl, now i_size_high, set.)
Set the immutable flag on the block and character device so that
e2fsck notices them as bad devices, and offers to fix them. E2fsck
currently only checks devices with the immutable flag set, since
otherwise there might be some false positives --- the kernel doesn't
always clear the all of i_blocks[n], n>=4, due to a race condition.
ChangeLog, inode.c:
inode.c (ext2fs_get_next_inode): Always do the check to see if the
inode table is missing so that we catch the case where the first block
group is missing.
Update version.h for interim release
ChangeLog, Makefile.in, test_icount.c:
Makefile.in (PROGS): Remove test_rel from the test programs that we
build for now.
test_icount.c: Fix some random lint warnings.
Makefile.in:
Fix typo in removing brel_ma.o and irel_ma.o from the Makefile
alloc.c (ext2fs_alloc_block): New function which allocates a
block and updates the filesystem accounting records
appropriately.
ext2_err.et.in: Added new error codes: EXT2_NO_MEMORY,
EXT2_INVALID_ARGUMENT, EXT2_BLOCK_ALLOC_FAIL, EXT2_INODE_ALLOC_FAIL,
EXT2_NOT_DIRECTORY
Change various library files to use these functions instead of EINVAL,
ENOENT, etc.
ChangeLog, pass1.c, pass3.c:
pass3.c (get_lost_and_found): Check error return of
EXT2_FILE_NOT_FOUND instead of ENOTDIR
pass1.c (pass1_check_directory): Return EXT2_NO_DIRECTORY instead of
ENOTDIR
expect.icount:
Change expected error string to be "Invalid argument passed to ext2 library"
instead of just "Invalid argument"
pass*.c, super.c: Massive changes to avoid using printf and com_err
routines. All diagnostic messages are now routed through the
fix_problem interface.
pass2.c (check_dir_block): Check for duplicate '.' and '..' entries.
problem.c, problem.h: Add new problem codes PR_2_DUP_DOT and
PR_2_DUP_DOT_DOT.
problem.c: Added new problem codes for some of the superblock
corruption checks, and for the pass header messages. ("Pass
1: xxxxx")
util.c (print_resource_track): Now takes a description argument.
super.c, unix.c, e2fsck.c: New files to separate out the
operating-specific operations out from e2fsck.c. e2fsck.c now
contains the global e2fsck context management routines, and
super.c contains the "pass 0" initial validation of the
superblock and global block group descriptors.
pass1.c, pass2.c, pass3.c, pass4.c, pass5.c, util.c: Eliminate
(nearly) all global variables and moved them to the e2fsck
context structure.
problem.c, problem.h: Added new problem codes PR_0_SB_CORRUPT,
PR_0_FS_SIZE_WRONG, PR_0_NO_FRAGMENTS, PR_0_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP,
PR_0_FIRST_DATA_BLOCK
expect.1, expect.2:
Updated tests to align with e2fsck problem.c changes.
io.h: Change the prototype of ext2fs_llseek() to use int's instead of
unsigned int's.
llseek.c: Change to allow PIC and !HAVE_LLSEEK. Add a prototype to
make life easer for GNU Libc 2.
rw_bitmaps.c: On the PowerPC, the big-endian variant of the ext2
filesystem has its bitmaps stored as 32-bit words with bit 0 as the
LSB of each word. Thus a bitmap with only bit 0 set would be, as a
string of bytes, 00 00 00 01 00 ... To cope with this, we
byte-reverse each word of a bitmap if we have a big-endian filesystem,
that is, if we are *not* byte-swapping other word-sized numbers.
ChangeLog, expect.1, image.gz:
f_badinode: Modify test to check for "bad" character and block devices
(i.e., ones which contain garbage block entries)
Theodore Ts'o