/* * mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem. * * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Theodore Ts'o. * * %Begin-Header% * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public * License. * %End-Header% */ /* Usage: mke2fs [options] device * * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H #include #endif #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H #include #endif #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H #include #endif #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H #include #endif #ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_FS_H #include #endif #include #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H #include #endif #include "et/com_err.h" #include "uuid/uuid.h" #include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h" #include "../version.h" #define STRIDE_LENGTH 8 #ifndef sparc #define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK #endif extern int isatty(int); extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode); const char * program_name = "mke2fs"; const char * device_name = NULL; /* Command line options */ int cflag = 0; int verbose = 0; int quiet = 0; int super_only = 0; int force = 0; char *bad_blocks_filename = 0; __u32 fs_stride = 0; struct ext2_super_block param; char *creator_os = NULL; char *volume_label = NULL; char *mount_dir = NULL; static void usage(NOARGS) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] " "[-f fragment-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] " "[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-qvS]\n\t" "[-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label]\n\t" "[-M last-mounted-directory] [-r fs-revision] [-R raid_opts]\n\t" "device [blocks-count]\n", program_name); exit(1); } static int log2(int arg) { int l = 0; arg >>= 1; while (arg) { l++; arg >>= 1; } return l; } static void check_plausibility(NOARGS) { #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H int val; struct stat s; val = stat(device_name, &s); if(val == -1) { printf("Could not stat %s --- %s\n", device_name, error_message(errno)); if (errno == ENOENT) printf("\nThe device apparently does not exist; " "did yo specify it correctly?\n"); exit(1); } if(!S_ISBLK(s.st_mode)) { printf("%s is not a block special device.\n", device_name); printf("Proceed anyway? (y,n) "); if (getchar() != 'y') exit(1); return; } if ((MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == HD_MAJOR && MINOR(s.st_rdev)%64 == 0) || (MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == SCSI_DISK_MAJOR && MINOR(s.st_rdev)%16 == 0)) { printf("%s is entire device, not just one partition!\n", device_name); printf("Proceed anyway? (y,n) "); if (getchar() != 'y') exit(1); return; } #endif } static void check_mount(NOARGS) { errcode_t retval; int mount_flags; retval = ext2fs_check_if_mounted(device_name, &mount_flags); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_check_if_mount", retval, "while determining whether %s is mounted.", device_name); return; } if (!(mount_flags & EXT2_MF_MOUNTED)) return; fprintf(stderr, "%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!\n", device_name); exit(1); } /* * Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk */ static void invalid_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk) { printf("Bad block %u out of range; ignored.\n", blk); return; } /* * Reads the bad blocks list from a file */ static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list, const char *bad_blocks_file) { FILE *f; errcode_t retval; f = fopen(bad_blocks_file, "r"); if (!f) { com_err("read_bad_blocks_file", errno, "while trying to open %s", bad_blocks_file); exit(1); } retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block); fclose (f); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "while reading in list of bad blocks from file"); exit(1); } } /* * Runs the badblocks program to test the disk */ static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list) { FILE *f; errcode_t retval; char buf[1024]; sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d %s%s %d", fs->blocksize, quiet ? "" : "-s ", fs->device_name, fs->super->s_blocks_count); if (verbose) printf("Running command: %s\n", buf); f = popen(buf, "r"); if (!f) { com_err("popen", errno, "while trying run '%s'", buf); exit(1); } retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block); pclose(f); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "while processing list of bad blocks from program"); exit(1); } } static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list) { int i, j; int must_be_good; blk_t blk; badblocks_iterate bb_iter; errcode_t retval; blk_t group_block; int group; int group_bad; if (!bb_list) return; /* * The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be * good; if not, abort. */ must_be_good = fs->super->s_first_data_block + 1 + fs->desc_blocks; for (i = fs->super->s_first_data_block; i <= must_be_good; i++) { if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, i)) { fprintf(stderr, "Block %d in primary superblock/group " "descriptor area bad.\n", i); fprintf(stderr, "Blocks %d through %d must be good " "in order to build a filesystem.\n", fs->super->s_first_data_block, must_be_good); fprintf(stderr, "Aborting....\n"); exit(1); } } /* * See if any of the bad blocks are showing up in the backup * superblocks and/or group descriptors. If so, issue a * warning and adjust the block counts appropriately. */ group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block + fs->super->s_blocks_per_group; group_bad = 0; for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) { for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) { if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, group_block + j)) { if (!group_bad) fprintf(stderr, "Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %d contain\n" " bad blocks.\n\n", group_block); group_bad++; group = ext2fs_group_of_blk(fs, group_block+j); fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_blocks_count++; fs->super->s_free_blocks_count++; } } group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group; } /* * Mark all the bad blocks as used... */ retval = badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter); if (retval) { com_err("badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval, "while marking bad blocks as used"); exit(1); } while (badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk)) ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(fs->block_map, blk); badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter); } static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs) { errcode_t retval; blk_t blk; int i, j, num, count; char *buf; buf = malloc(fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH); if (!buf) { com_err("malloc", ENOMEM, "while allocating zeroizing buffer"); exit(1); } memset(buf, 0, fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH); if (!quiet) printf("Writing inode tables: "); for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) { if (!quiet) printf("%4d/%4ld", i, fs->group_desc_count); blk = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table; num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group; for (j=0; j < num; j += STRIDE_LENGTH, blk += STRIDE_LENGTH) { if (num-j > STRIDE_LENGTH) count = STRIDE_LENGTH; else count = num - j; retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, blk, count, buf); if (retval) printf("Warning: could not write %d blocks " "in inode table starting at %d: %s\n", count, blk, error_message(retval)); } if (!quiet) printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b"); } free(buf); if (!quiet) printf("done \n"); } static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs) { errcode_t retval; struct ext2_inode inode; retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating root dir"); exit(1); } if (geteuid()) { retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval, "while reading root inode"); exit(1); } inode.i_uid = getuid(); if (inode.i_uid) inode.i_gid = getgid(); retval = ext2fs_write_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval, "while setting root inode ownership"); exit(1); } } } static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs) { errcode_t retval; ino_t ino; const char *name = "lost+found"; int i; retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating /lost+found"); exit(1); } retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino); if (retval) { com_err("ext2_lookup", retval, "while looking up /lost+found"); exit(1); } for (i=1; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) { retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval, "while expanding /lost+found"); exit(1); } } } static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list) { errcode_t retval; ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO); fs->group_desc[0].bg_free_inodes_count--; fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--; retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list); if (retval) { com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval, "while setting bad block inode"); exit(1); } } static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs) { ino_t i; int group; for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++) { ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, i); group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, i); fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_inodes_count--; fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--; } ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs); } #ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK static void zap_bootblock(ext2_filsys fs) { char buf[512]; int retval; memset(buf, 0, 512); retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, 0, -512, buf); if (retval) printf("Warning: could not erase block 0: %s\n", error_message(retval)); } #endif static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs) { struct ext2fs_sb *s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super; char buf[80]; blk_t group_block; int i, col_left; if (param.s_blocks_count != s->s_blocks_count) printf("warning: %d blocks unused.\n\n", param.s_blocks_count - s->s_blocks_count); switch (fs->super->s_creator_os) { case EXT2_OS_LINUX: printf ("Linux"); break; case EXT2_OS_HURD: printf ("GNU/hurd"); break; case EXT2_OS_MASIX: printf ("Masix"); break; default: printf ("(unknown os)"); } printf (" ext2 filesystem format\n"); memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); strncpy(buf, s->s_volume_name, sizeof(s->s_volume_name)); printf("Filesystem label=%s\n", buf); printf("%u inodes, %u blocks\n", s->s_inodes_count, s->s_blocks_count); printf("%u blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n", s->s_r_blocks_count, 100.0 * s->s_r_blocks_count / s->s_blocks_count); printf("First data block=%u\n", s->s_first_data_block); printf("Block size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->blocksize, s->s_log_block_size); printf("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->fragsize, s->s_log_frag_size); printf("%lu block group%s\n", fs->group_desc_count, (fs->group_desc_count > 1) ? "s" : ""); printf("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n", s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_frags_per_group); printf("%u inodes per group\n", s->s_inodes_per_group); if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) { printf("\n"); return; } printf("Superblock backups stored on blocks: "); group_block = s->s_first_data_block; col_left = 0; for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) { group_block += s->s_blocks_per_group; if (!ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, i)) continue; if (!col_left--) { printf("\n\t"); col_left = 6; } printf("%u", group_block); if (i != fs->group_desc_count - 1) printf(", "); } printf("\n\n"); } #ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP static int strcasecmp (char *s1, char *s2) { while (*s1 && *s2) { int ch1 = *s1++, ch2 = *s2++; if (isupper (ch1)) ch1 = tolower (ch1); if (isupper (ch2)) ch2 = tolower (ch2); if (ch1 != ch2) return ch1 - ch2; } return *s1 ? 1 : *s2 ? -1 : 0; } #endif /* * Set the S_CREATOR_OS field. Return true if OS is known, * otherwise, 0. */ static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os) { if (isdigit (*os)) sb->s_creator_os = atoi (os); else if (strcasecmp(os, "linux") == 0) sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LINUX; else if (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0) sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD; else if (strcasecmp(os, "masix") == 0) sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_MASIX; else return 0; return 1; } #define PATH_SET "PATH=/sbin" static parse_raid_opts(const char *opts) { char *buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg; int len; int raid_usage = 0; len = strlen(opts); buf = malloc(len+1); if (!buf) { fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate memory to parse " "raid options!\n"); exit(1); } strcpy(buf, opts); for (token = buf; token && *token; token = next) { p = strchr(token, ','); next = 0; if (p) { *p = 0; next = p+1; } arg = strchr(token, '='); if (arg) { *arg = 0; arg++; } if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) { if (!arg) { raid_usage++; continue; } fs_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0); if (*p || (fs_stride == 0)) { fprintf(stderr, "Invalid stride parameter.\n"); raid_usage++; continue; } } else raid_usage++; } if (raid_usage) { fprintf(stderr, "\nBad raid options specified.\n\n" "Raid options are separated by commas, " "and may take an argument which\n" "\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n" "Valid raid options are:\n" "\tstride=\n\n"); exit(1); } } static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[]) { char c; int size; char * tmp; blk_t max = 8192; int inode_ratio = 4096; int reserved_ratio = 5; errcode_t retval; int sparse_option = -1; char *oldpath = getenv("PATH"); struct ext2fs_sb *param_ext2 = (struct ext2fs_sb *) ¶m; char *raid_opts = 0; /* Update our PATH to include /sbin */ if (oldpath) { char *newpath; newpath = malloc(sizeof (PATH_SET) + 1 + strlen (oldpath)); strcpy (newpath, PATH_SET); strcat (newpath, ":"); strcat (newpath, oldpath); putenv (newpath); } else putenv (PATH_SET); setbuf(stdout, NULL); setbuf(stderr, NULL); initialize_ext2_error_table(); memset(¶m, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block)); fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s, %s for EXT2 FS %s, %s\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION, E2FSPROGS_DATE, EXT2FS_VERSION, EXT2FS_DATE); if (argc && *argv) program_name = *argv; while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "b:cf:g:i:l:m:o:qr:R:s:tvI:SFL:M:")) != EOF) switch (c) { case 'b': size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "bad block size - %s", optarg); exit(1); } param.s_log_block_size = log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE); max = size * 8; break; case 'c': case 't': /* Check for bad blocks */ cflag = 1; break; case 'f': size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "bad fragment size - %s", optarg); exit(1); } param.s_log_frag_size = log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE); printf("Warning: fragments not supported. " "Ignoring -f option\n"); break; case 'g': param.s_blocks_per_group = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (*tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "Illegal number for blocks per group"); exit(1); } if ((param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) { com_err(program_name, 0, "blocks per group must be multiple of 8"); exit(1); } break; case 'i': inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (inode_ratio < 1024 || inode_ratio > 256 * 1024 || *tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "bad inode ratio - %s", optarg); exit(1); } break; case 'l': bad_blocks_filename = malloc(strlen(optarg)+1); if (!bad_blocks_filename) { com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "in malloc for bad_blocks_filename"); exit(1); } strcpy(bad_blocks_filename, optarg); break; case 'm': reserved_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (reserved_ratio > 50 || *tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "bad reserved blocks percent - %s", optarg); exit(1); } break; case 'o': creator_os = optarg; break; case 'r': param.s_rev_level = atoi(optarg); break; case 's': sparse_option = atoi(optarg); break; #ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV case 'I': param.s_inode_size = atoi(optarg); break; #endif case 'v': verbose = 1; break; case 'q': quiet = 1; break; case 'F': force = 1; break; case 'L': volume_label = optarg; break; case 'M': mount_dir = optarg; break; case 'R': raid_opts = optarg; break; case 'S': super_only = 1; break; default: usage(); } if (optind == argc) usage(); device_name = argv[optind]; optind++; if (optind < argc) { param.s_blocks_count = strtoul(argv[optind++], &tmp, 0); if (*tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "bad blocks count - %s", argv[optind - 1]); exit(1); } } if (optind < argc) usage(); if (raid_opts) parse_raid_opts(raid_opts); if (!force) check_plausibility(); check_mount(); param.s_log_frag_size = param.s_log_block_size; if (!param.s_blocks_count) { retval = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name, EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(¶m), ¶m.s_blocks_count); if (retval) { com_err(program_name, retval, "while trying to determine filesystem size"); exit(1); } } if (param.s_blocks_per_group) { if (param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 || param.s_blocks_per_group > max || *tmp) { com_err(program_name, 0, "blocks per group count out of range"); exit(1); } } /* * Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio */ param.s_inodes_count = ((long long) param.s_blocks_count * EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(¶m)) / inode_ratio; /* * Calculate number of blocks to reserve */ param.s_r_blocks_count = (param.s_blocks_count * reserved_ratio) / 100; /* * If we are using revision #1, use the sparse super feature * by default */ #ifdef EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER if ((sparse_option == 1) #ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV || (param.s_rev_level >= EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV) && (!sparse_option) #endif ) param_ext2->s_feature_ro_compat |= EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER; #endif } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { errcode_t retval = 0; ext2_filsys fs; badblocks_list bb_list = 0; struct ext2fs_sb *s; PRS(argc, argv); /* * Initialize the superblock.... */ retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, 0, ¶m, unix_io_manager, &fs); if (retval) { com_err(device_name, retval, "while setting up superblock"); exit(1); } /* * Generate a UUID for it... */ s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super; uuid_generate(s->s_uuid); /* * Override the creator OS, if applicable */ if (creator_os && !set_os(fs->super, creator_os)) { com_err (program_name, 0, "unknown os - %s", creator_os); exit(1); } /* * Set the volume label... */ if (volume_label) { memset(s->s_volume_name, 0, sizeof(s->s_volume_name)); strncpy(s->s_volume_name, volume_label, sizeof(s->s_volume_name)); } /* * Set the last mount directory */ if (mount_dir) { memset(s->s_last_mounted, 0, sizeof(s->s_last_mounted)); strncpy(s->s_last_mounted, mount_dir, sizeof(s->s_last_mounted)); } if (!quiet) show_stats(fs); if (bad_blocks_filename) read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename); if (cflag) test_disk(fs, &bb_list); handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list); fs->stride = fs_stride; retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs); if (retval) { com_err(program_name, retval, "while trying to allocate filesystem tables"); exit(1); } if (super_only) { fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS; fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY); } else { write_inode_tables(fs); create_root_dir(fs); create_lost_and_found(fs); reserve_inodes(fs); create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list); #ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK zap_bootblock(fs); #endif } if (!quiet) printf("Writing superblocks and " "filesystem accounting information: "); ext2fs_close(fs); if (!quiet) printf("done\n"); return 0; }