mirror of https://github.com/vitalif/e2fsprogs
312 lines
8.2 KiB
Groff
312 lines
8.2 KiB
Groff
.\" -*- nroff -*-
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.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
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.\"
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.TH E2FSCK 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@"
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.SH NAME
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e2fsck \- check a Linux second extended file system
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B e2fsck
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[
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.B \-pacnyrdfvstFSV
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]
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[
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.B \-b
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.I superblock
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]
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[
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.B \-B
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.I blocksize
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]
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[
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.BR \-l | \-L
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.I bad_blocks_file
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]
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[
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.B \-C
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.I fd
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]
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@JDEV@[
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@JDEV@.B \-j
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@JDEV@.I external-journal
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@JDEV@]
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[
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.B \-E
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.I extended_options
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]
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.I device
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B e2fsck
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is used to check a Linux second extended file system (e2fs). E2fsck also
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supports ext2 filesystems countaining a journal, which are
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also sometimes known as ext3 filesystems.
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.PP
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.I device
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is the device file where the filesystem is stored (e.g.
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.IR /dev/hdc1 ).
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-a
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This option does the same thing as the
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.B \-p
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option. It is provided for backwards compatibility only; it is
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suggested that people use
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.B \-p
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option whenever possible.
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.TP
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.BI \-b " superblock"
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Instead of using the normal superblock, use an alternative superblock
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specified by
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.IR superblock .
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This option is normally used when the primary superblock has been
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corrupted. The location of the backup superblock is dependent on the
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filesystem's blocksize. For filesystems with 1k blocksizes, a backup
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superblock can be found at block 8193; for filesystems with 2k
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blocksizes, at block 16384; and for 4k blocksizes, at block 32768.
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.IP
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Additional backup superblocks can be determined by using the
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.B mke2fs
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program using the
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.B \-n
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option to print out where the superblocks were created. The
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.B \-b
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option to
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.BR mke2fs ,
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which specifies blocksize of the filesystem must be specified in order
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for the superblock locations that are printed out to be accurate.
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.IP
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If an alternative superblock is specified and
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the filesystem is not opened read-only, e2fsck will make sure that the
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primary superblock is updated appropriately upon completion of the
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filesystem check.
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.TP
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.BI \-B " blocksize"
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Normally,
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.B e2fsck
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will search for the superblock at various different
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block sizes in an attempt to find the appropriate block size.
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This search can be fooled in some cases. This option forces
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.B e2fsck
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to only try locating the superblock at a particular blocksize.
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If the superblock is not found,
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.B e2fsck
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will terminate with a fatal error.
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.TP
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.B \-c
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This option causes
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.B e2fsck
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to run the
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.BR badblocks (8)
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program to find any blocks which are bad on the filesystem,
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and then marks them as bad by adding them to the bad block inode.
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If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan will be done
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using a non-destructive read-write test.
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.TP
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.B \-C
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This option causes
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.B e2fsck
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to write completion information to the specified file descriptor
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so that the progress of the filesystem
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check can be monitored. This option is typically used by programs
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which are running
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.BR e2fsck .
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If the file descriptor specified is 0,
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.B e2fsck
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will print a completion bar as it goes about its business. This requires
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that e2fsck is running on a video console or terminal.
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.TP
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.B \-d
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Print debugging output (useless unless you are debugging
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.BR e2fsck ).
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.TP
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.B \-D
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Optimize directories in filesystem. This option causes e2fsck to
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try to optimize all directories, either by reindexing them if the
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filesystem supports directory indexing, or by sorting and compressing
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directories for smaller directories, or for filesystems using
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traditional linear directories.
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.TP
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.BI \-E " extended_options"
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Set e2fsck extended options. Extended options are comma
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separated, and may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign. The
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following options are supported:
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.RS 1.2i
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.TP
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.BI ea_ver= extended_attribute_version
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Assume the format of the extended attribute blocks in the filesystem is
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the specified version number. The version number may be 1 or 2. The
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default extended attribute version format is 2.
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.RE
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.TP
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.B \-f
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Force checking even if the file system seems clean.
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.TP
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.B \-F
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Flush the filesystem device's buffer caches before beginning. Only
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really useful for doing
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.B e2fsck
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time trials.
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@JDEV@.TP
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@JDEV@.BI \-j " external-journal"
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@JDEV@Set the pathname where the external-journal for this filesystem can be
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@JDEV@found.
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.TP
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.BI \-l " filename"
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Add the block numbers listed in the file specified by
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.I filename
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to the list of bad blocks. The format of this file is the same as the
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one generated by the
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.BR badblocks (8)
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program. Note that the block numbers are based on the blocksize
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of the filesystem. Hence,
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.BR badblocks (8)
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must be given the blocksize of the filesystem in order to obtain correct
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results. As a result, it is much simpler and safer to use the
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.B -c
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option to
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.BR e2fsck ,
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since it will assure that the correct parameters are passed to the
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.B badblocks
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program.
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.TP
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.BI \-L " filename"
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Set the bad blocks list to be the list of blocks specified by
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.IR filename .
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(This option is the same as the
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.B \-l
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option, except the bad blocks list is cleared before the blocks listed
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in the file are added to the bad blocks list.)
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.TP
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.B \-n
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Open the filesystem read-only, and assume an answer of `no' to all
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questions. Allows
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.B e2fsck
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to be used non-interactively. (Note: if the
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.BR \-c ,
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.BR \-l ,
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or
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.B \-L
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options are specified in addition to the
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.B \-n
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option, then the filesystem will be opened read-write, to permit the
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bad-blocks list to be updated. However, no other changes will be made
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to the filesystem.)
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.TP
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.B \-p
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Automatically repair ("preen") the file system without any questions.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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This option does nothing at all; it is provided only for backwards
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compatibility.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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This option will byte-swap the filesystem so that it is using the normalized,
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standard byte-order (which is i386 or little endian). If the filesystem is
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already in the standard byte-order,
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.B e2fsck
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will take no action.
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.TP
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.B \-S
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This option will byte-swap the filesystem, regardless of its current
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byte-order.
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.TP
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.B \-t
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Print timing statistics for
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.BR e2fsck .
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If this option is used twice, additional timing statistics are printed
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on a pass by pass basis.
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Verbose mode.
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.TP
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.B \-V
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Print version information and exit.
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.TP
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.B \-y
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Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows
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.B e2fsck
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to be used non-interactively.
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.SH EXIT CODE
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The exit code returned by
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.B e2fsck
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is the sum of the following conditions:
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.br
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\ 0\ \-\ No errors
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.br
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\ 1\ \-\ File system errors corrected
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.br
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\ 2\ \-\ File system errors corrected, system should
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.br
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\ \ \ \ be rebooted
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.br
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\ 4\ \-\ File system errors left uncorrected
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.br
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\ 8\ \-\ Operational error
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.br
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\ 16\ \-\ Usage or syntax error
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.br
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\ 32\ \-\ E2fsck canceled by user request
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.br
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\ 128\ \-\ Shared library error
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.br
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.SH SIGNALS
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The following signals have the following effect when sent to
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.BR e2fsck .
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.TP
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.B SIGUSR1
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This signal causes
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.B e2fsck
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to start displaying a completion bar. (See discussion of the
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.B \-C
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option.)
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.TP
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.B SIGUSR2
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This signal causes
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.B e2fsck
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to stop displaying a completion bar.
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.SH REPORTING BUGS
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Almost any piece of software will have bugs. If you manage to find a
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filesystem which causes
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.B e2fsck
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to crash, or which
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.B e2fsck
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is unable to repair, please report it to the author.
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.PP
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Please include as much information as possible in your bug report.
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Ideally, include a complete transcript of the
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.B e2fsck
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run, so I can see exactly what error messages are displayed. If you
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have a writeable filesystem where the transcript can be stored, the
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.BR script (1)
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program is a handy way to save the output of
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.B e2fsck
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to a file.
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.PP
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It is also useful to send the output of
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.BR dumpe2fs (8).
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If a specific inode or inodes seems to be giving
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.B e2fsck
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trouble, try running the
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.BR debugfs (8)
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command and send the output of the
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.BR stat (1u)
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command run on the relevant inode(s). If the inode is a directory, the
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.B debugfs
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.I dump
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command will allow you to extract the contents of the directory inode,
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which can sent to me after being first run through
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.BR uuencode (1).
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.PP
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Always include the full version string which
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.B e2fsck
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displays when it is run, so I know which version you are running.
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.SH AUTHOR
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This version of
|
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.B e2fsck
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was written by Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>.
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.SH SEE ALSO
|
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.BR mke2fs (8),
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.BR tune2fs (8),
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.BR dumpe2fs (8),
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.BR debugfs (8)
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