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e2fsprogs/misc/mke2fs.c

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/*
* mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem.
*
* Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Theodore Ts'o.
*
* %Begin-Header%
* This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
* License.
* %End-Header%
*/
/* Usage: mke2fs [options] device
*
* The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
* enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#include <getopt.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
#include <errno.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H
#include <mntent.h>
#endif
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_FS_H
#include <linux/fs.h>
#endif
#include <linux/ext2_fs.h>
#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H
#include <linux/major.h>
#endif
#include "et/com_err.h"
#include "uuid/uuid.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
#include "../version.h"
#define STRIDE_LENGTH 8
#ifndef sparc
#define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
#endif
extern int isatty(int);
extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
const char * device_name = NULL;
/* Command line options */
int cflag = 0;
int verbose = 0;
int quiet = 0;
int super_only = 0;
int force = 0;
char *bad_blocks_filename = 0;
struct ext2_super_block param;
char *creator_os = NULL;
char *volume_label = NULL;
char *mount_dir = NULL;
static void usage(NOARGS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c|-t|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
"[-f fragment-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] "
"[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-qvS]\n\t"
"[-o creator-os] [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label]\n\t"
"[-M last-mounted-directory] device [blocks-count]\n",
program_name);
exit(1);
}
static int log2(int arg)
{
int l = 0;
arg >>= 1;
while (arg) {
l++;
arg >>= 1;
}
return l;
}
static void check_plausibility(NOARGS)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_MAJOR_H
int val;
struct stat s;
val = stat(device_name, &s);
if(val == -1) {
printf("Could not stat %s --- %s\n", device_name,
error_message(errno));
if (errno == ENOENT)
printf("\nThe device apparently does not exist; "
"did yo specify it correctly?\n");
exit(1);
}
if(!S_ISBLK(s.st_mode)) {
printf("%s is not a block special device.\n", device_name);
printf("Proceed anyway? (y,n) ");
if (getchar() != 'y')
exit(1);
return;
}
if ((MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == HD_MAJOR && MINOR(s.st_rdev)%64 == 0) ||
(MAJOR(s.st_rdev) == SCSI_DISK_MAJOR &&
MINOR(s.st_rdev)%16 == 0)) {
printf("%s is entire device, not just one partition!\n",
device_name);
printf("Proceed anyway? (y,n) ");
if (getchar() != 'y')
exit(1);
return;
}
#endif
}
static void check_mount(NOARGS)
{
errcode_t retval;
int mount_flags;
retval = ext2fs_check_if_mounted(device_name, &mount_flags);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_check_if_mount", retval,
"while determining whether %s is mounted.",
device_name);
return;
}
if (!(mount_flags & EXT2_MF_MOUNTED))
return;
fprintf(stderr, "%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!\n",
device_name);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk
*/
static void invalid_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk)
{
printf("Bad block %u out of range; ignored.\n", blk);
return;
}
/*
* Reads the bad blocks list from a file
*/
static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list,
const char *bad_blocks_file)
{
FILE *f;
errcode_t retval;
f = fopen(bad_blocks_file, "r");
if (!f) {
com_err("read_bad_blocks_file", errno,
"while trying to open %s", bad_blocks_file);
exit(1);
}
retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
fclose (f);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
"while reading in list of bad blocks from file");
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* Runs the badblocks program to test the disk
*/
static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
{
FILE *f;
errcode_t retval;
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "badblocks %s%s %d", quiet ? "" : "-s ",
fs->device_name,
fs->super->s_blocks_count);
if (verbose)
printf("Running command: %s\n", buf);
f = popen(buf, "r");
if (!f) {
com_err("popen", errno,
"while trying run '%s'", buf);
exit(1);
}
retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
pclose(f);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval,
"while processing list of bad blocks from program");
exit(1);
}
}
static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
{
int i, j;
int must_be_good;
blk_t blk;
badblocks_iterate bb_iter;
errcode_t retval;
blk_t group_block;
int group;
int group_bad;
if (!bb_list)
return;
/*
* The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be
* good; if not, abort.
*/
must_be_good = fs->super->s_first_data_block + 1 + fs->desc_blocks;
for (i = fs->super->s_first_data_block; i <= must_be_good; i++) {
if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, i)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Block %d in primary superblock/group "
"descriptor area bad.\n", i);
fprintf(stderr, "Blocks %d through %d must be good "
"in order to build a filesystem.\n",
fs->super->s_first_data_block, must_be_good);
fprintf(stderr, "Aborting....\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* See if any of the bad blocks are showing up in the backup
* superblocks and/or group descriptors. If so, issue a
* warning and adjust the block counts appropriately.
*/
group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block +
fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
group_bad = 0;
for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) {
if (badblocks_list_test(bb_list, group_block +
j)) {
if (!group_bad)
fprintf(stderr,
"Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %d contain\n"
" bad blocks.\n\n",
group_block);
group_bad++;
group = ext2fs_group_of_blk(fs, group_block+j);
fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_blocks_count++;
fs->super->s_free_blocks_count++;
}
}
group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
}
/*
* Mark all the bad blocks as used...
*/
retval = badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter);
if (retval) {
com_err("badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval,
"while marking bad blocks as used");
exit(1);
}
while (badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(fs->block_map, blk);
badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
}
static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
{
errcode_t retval;
blk_t blk;
int i, j, num, count;
char *buf;
buf = malloc(fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
if (!buf) {
com_err("malloc", ENOMEM, "while allocating zeroizing buffer");
exit(1);
}
memset(buf, 0, fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
if (!quiet)
printf("Writing inode tables: ");
for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
if (!quiet)
printf("%4d/%4ld", i, fs->group_desc_count);
blk = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table;
num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
for (j=0; j < num; j += STRIDE_LENGTH, blk += STRIDE_LENGTH) {
if (num-j > STRIDE_LENGTH)
count = STRIDE_LENGTH;
else
count = num - j;
retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, blk, count, buf);
if (retval)
printf("Warning: could not write %d blocks "
"in inode table starting at %d: %s\n",
count, blk, error_message(retval));
}
if (!quiet)
printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");
}
free(buf);
if (!quiet)
printf("done \n");
}
static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
{
errcode_t retval;
struct ext2_inode inode;
retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating root dir");
exit(1);
}
if (geteuid()) {
retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval,
"while reading root inode");
exit(1);
}
inode.i_uid = getuid();
if (inode.i_uid)
inode.i_gid = getgid();
retval = ext2fs_write_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval,
"while setting root inode ownership");
exit(1);
}
}
}
static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
{
errcode_t retval;
ino_t ino;
const char *name = "lost+found";
int i;
retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "while creating /lost+found");
exit(1);
}
retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2_lookup", retval, "while looking up /lost+found");
exit(1);
}
for (i=1; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval,
"while expanding /lost+found");
exit(1);
}
}
}
static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
{
errcode_t retval;
ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
fs->group_desc[0].bg_free_inodes_count--;
fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval,
"while setting bad block inode");
exit(1);
}
}
static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
{
ino_t i;
int group;
for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++) {
ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, i);
group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, i);
fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_inodes_count--;
fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
}
ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
}
#ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
static void zap_bootblock(ext2_filsys fs)
{
char buf[512];
int retval;
memset(buf, 0, 512);
retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
if (retval)
printf("Warning: could not erase block 0: %s\n",
error_message(retval));
}
#endif
static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
{
struct ext2fs_sb *s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super;
char buf[80];
blk_t group_block;
int i, col_left;
if (param.s_blocks_count != s->s_blocks_count)
printf("warning: %d blocks unused.\n\n",
param.s_blocks_count - s->s_blocks_count);
switch (fs->super->s_creator_os) {
case EXT2_OS_LINUX: printf ("Linux"); break;
case EXT2_OS_HURD: printf ("GNU/hurd"); break;
case EXT2_OS_MASIX: printf ("Masix"); break;
default: printf ("(unknown os)");
}
printf (" ext2 filesystem format\n");
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
strncpy(buf, s->s_volume_name, sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
printf("Filesystem label=%s\n", buf);
printf("%u inodes, %u blocks\n", s->s_inodes_count,
s->s_blocks_count);
printf("%u blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n",
s->s_r_blocks_count,
100.0 * s->s_r_blocks_count / s->s_blocks_count);
printf("First data block=%u\n", s->s_first_data_block);
printf("Block size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->blocksize,
s->s_log_block_size);
printf("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n", fs->fragsize,
s->s_log_frag_size);
printf("%lu block group%s\n", fs->group_desc_count,
(fs->group_desc_count > 1) ? "s" : "");
printf("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n",
s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_frags_per_group);
printf("%u inodes per group\n", s->s_inodes_per_group);
if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
printf("\n");
return;
}
printf("Superblock backups stored on blocks: ");
group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
col_left = 0;
for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
group_block += s->s_blocks_per_group;
if (!ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, i))
continue;
if (!col_left--) {
printf("\n\t");
col_left = 8;
}
printf("%u", group_block);
if (i != fs->group_desc_count - 1)
printf(", ");
}
printf("\n\n");
}
#ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP
static int strcasecmp (char *s1, char *s2)
{
while (*s1 && *s2) {
int ch1 = *s1++, ch2 = *s2++;
if (isupper (ch1))
ch1 = tolower (ch1);
if (isupper (ch2))
ch2 = tolower (ch2);
if (ch1 != ch2)
return ch1 - ch2;
}
return *s1 ? 1 : *s2 ? -1 : 0;
}
#endif
/*
* Set the S_CREATOR_OS field. Return true if OS is known,
* otherwise, 0.
*/
static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
{
if (isdigit (*os))
sb->s_creator_os = atoi (os);
else if (strcasecmp(os, "linux") == 0)
sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LINUX;
else if (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0)
sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD;
else if (strcasecmp(os, "masix") == 0)
sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_MASIX;
else
return 0;
return 1;
}
#define PATH_SET "PATH=/sbin"
static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char c;
int size;
char * tmp;
blk_t max = 8192;
int inode_ratio = 4096;
int reserved_ratio = 5;
errcode_t retval;
int sparse_option = -1;
char *oldpath = getenv("PATH");
struct ext2fs_sb *param_ext2 = (struct ext2fs_sb *) &param;
/* Update our PATH to include /sbin */
if (oldpath) {
char *newpath;
newpath = malloc(sizeof (PATH_SET) + 1 + strlen (oldpath));
strcpy (newpath, PATH_SET);
strcat (newpath, ":");
strcat (newpath, oldpath);
putenv (newpath);
} else
putenv (PATH_SET);
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
setbuf(stderr, NULL);
initialize_ext2_error_table();
memset(&param, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block));
#ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
param.s_rev_level = EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV;
#endif
fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s, %s for EXT2 FS %s, %s\n",
E2FSPROGS_VERSION, E2FSPROGS_DATE,
EXT2FS_VERSION, EXT2FS_DATE);
if (argc && *argv)
program_name = *argv;
while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
"b:cf:g:i:l:m:o:qr:s:tvI:SFL:M:")) != EOF)
switch (c) {
case 'b':
size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0, "bad block size - %s",
optarg);
exit(1);
}
param.s_log_block_size =
log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
max = size * 8;
break;
case 'c':
case 't': /* Check for bad blocks */
cflag = 1;
break;
case 'f':
size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (size < 1024 || size > 4096 || *tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0, "bad fragment size - %s",
optarg);
exit(1);
}
param.s_log_frag_size =
log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
printf("Warning: fragments not supported. "
"Ignoring -f option\n");
break;
case 'g':
param.s_blocks_per_group = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0,
"Illegal number for blocks per group");
exit(1);
}
if ((param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) {
com_err(program_name, 0,
"blocks per group must be multiple of 8");
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'i':
inode_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (inode_ratio < 1024 || inode_ratio > 256 * 1024 ||
*tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0, "bad inode ratio - %s",
optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'l':
bad_blocks_filename = malloc(strlen(optarg)+1);
if (!bad_blocks_filename) {
com_err(program_name, ENOMEM,
"in malloc for bad_blocks_filename");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(bad_blocks_filename, optarg);
break;
case 'm':
reserved_ratio = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (reserved_ratio > 50 || *tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0,
"bad reserved blocks percent - %s",
optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'o':
creator_os = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
param.s_rev_level = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 's':
sparse_option = atoi(optarg);
break;
#ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
case 'I':
param.s_inode_size = atoi(optarg);
break;
#endif
case 'v':
verbose = 1;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = 1;
break;
case 'F':
force = 1;
break;
case 'L':
volume_label = optarg;
break;
case 'M':
mount_dir = optarg;
break;
case 'S':
super_only = 1;
break;
default:
usage();
}
if (optind == argc)
usage();
device_name = argv[optind];
optind++;
if (optind < argc) {
param.s_blocks_count = strtoul(argv[optind++], &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0, "bad blocks count - %s",
argv[optind - 1]);
exit(1);
}
}
if (optind < argc)
usage();
if (!force)
check_plausibility();
check_mount();
param.s_log_frag_size = param.s_log_block_size;
if (!param.s_blocks_count) {
retval = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name,
EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param),
&param.s_blocks_count);
if (retval) {
com_err(program_name, retval,
"while trying to determine filesystem size");
exit(1);
}
}
if (param.s_blocks_per_group) {
if (param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 ||
param.s_blocks_per_group > max || *tmp) {
com_err(program_name, 0,
"blocks per group count out of range");
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio
*/
param.s_inodes_count =
((long long) param.s_blocks_count * EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param))
/ inode_ratio;
/*
* Calculate number of blocks to reserve
*/
param.s_r_blocks_count = (param.s_blocks_count * reserved_ratio) / 100;
/*
* If we are using revision #1, use the sparse super feature
* by default
*/
#ifdef EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER
if ((sparse_option == 1)
#ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
|| (param.s_rev_level >= EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV) && (!sparse_option)
#endif
)
param_ext2->s_feature_ro_compat |=
EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER;
#endif
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
errcode_t retval = 0;
ext2_filsys fs;
badblocks_list bb_list = 0;
struct ext2fs_sb *s;
PRS(argc, argv);
/*
* Initialize the superblock....
*/
retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, 0, &param,
unix_io_manager, &fs);
if (retval) {
com_err(device_name, retval, "while setting up superblock");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Generate a UUID for it...
*/
s = (struct ext2fs_sb *) fs->super;
uuid_generate(s->s_uuid);
/*
* Override the creator OS, if applicable
*/
if (creator_os && !set_os(fs->super, creator_os)) {
com_err (program_name, 0, "unknown os - %s", creator_os);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Set the volume label...
*/
if (volume_label) {
memset(s->s_volume_name, 0, sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
strncpy(s->s_volume_name, volume_label,
sizeof(s->s_volume_name));
}
/*
* Set the last mount directory
*/
if (mount_dir) {
memset(s->s_last_mounted, 0, sizeof(s->s_last_mounted));
strncpy(s->s_last_mounted, mount_dir,
sizeof(s->s_last_mounted));
}
if (!quiet)
show_stats(fs);
if (bad_blocks_filename)
read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename);
if (cflag)
test_disk(fs, &bb_list);
handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
if (retval) {
com_err(program_name, retval,
"while trying to allocate filesystem tables");
exit(1);
}
if (super_only) {
fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
} else {
write_inode_tables(fs);
create_root_dir(fs);
create_lost_and_found(fs);
reserve_inodes(fs);
create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list);
#ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
zap_bootblock(fs);
#endif
}
if (!quiet)
printf("Writing superblocks and "
"filesystem accounting information: ");
ext2fs_close(fs);
if (!quiet)
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
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