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e2fsprogs/misc/badblocks.c

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/*
* badblocks.c - Bad blocks checker
*
* Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994 Remy Card <card@masi.ibp.fr>
* Laboratoire MASI, Institut Blaise Pascal
* Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
*
* Copyright 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 by Theodore Ts'o
* Copyright 1999 by David Beattie
*
* This file is based on the minix file system programs fsck and mkfs
* written and copyrighted by Linus Torvalds <Linus.Torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
*
* %Begin-Header%
* This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
* License.
* %End-Header%
*/
/*
* History:
* 93/05/26 - Creation from e2fsck
* 94/02/27 - Made a separate bad blocks checker
* 99/06/30...99/07/26 - Added non-destructive write-testing,
* configurable blocks-at-once parameter,
* loading of badblocks list to avoid testing
* blocks known to be bad, multiple passes to
* make sure that no new blocks are added to the
* list. (Work done by David Beattie)
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#include <getopt.h>
#else
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind;
#endif
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "et/com_err.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2_io.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
#include "nls-enable.h"
const char * program_name = "badblocks";
const char * done_string = N_("done \n");
static int v_flag = 0; /* verbose */
static int w_flag = 0; /* do r/w test: 0=no, 1=yes,
* 2=non-destructive */
static int s_flag = 0; /* show progress of test */
static int force = 0; /* force check of mounted device */
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-b block_size] [-i input_file] [-o output_file] [-svwnf]\n [-c blocks_at_once] [-p num_passes] device [last_block [start_count]]\n"),
program_name);
exit (1);
}
static unsigned long currently_testing = 0;
static unsigned long num_blocks = 0;
static ext2_badblocks_list bb_list = NULL;
static FILE *out;
static blk_t next_bad = 0;
static ext2_badblocks_iterate bb_iter = NULL;
/*
* This routine reports a new bad block. If the bad block has already
* been seen before, then it returns 0; otherwise it returns 1.
*/
static int bb_output (unsigned long bad)
{
errcode_t errcode;
if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list, bad))
return 0;
fprintf(out, "%lu\n", bad);
fflush(out);
errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_add (bb_list, bad);
if (errcode) {
com_err (program_name, errcode, "adding to in-memory bad block list");
exit (1);
}
/* kludge:
increment the iteration through the bb_list if
an element was just added before the current iteration
position. This should not cause next_bad to change. */
if (bb_iter && bad < next_bad)
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
return 1;
}
static void print_status(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%9ld/%9ld", currently_testing, num_blocks);
fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");
fflush (stderr);
}
static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
{
signal (SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
alarm(1);
if (!num_blocks)
return;
fprintf(stderr, "%9ld/%9ld", currently_testing, num_blocks);
fprintf(stderr, "\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");
fflush (stderr);
}
static void *terminate_addr = NULL;
static void terminate_intr(int signo)
{
if (terminate_addr)
longjmp(terminate_addr,1);
exit(1);
}
static void capture_terminate(jmp_buf term_addr)
{
terminate_addr = term_addr;
signal (SIGHUP, terminate_intr);
signal (SIGINT, terminate_intr);
signal (SIGPIPE, terminate_intr);
signal (SIGTERM, terminate_intr);
signal (SIGUSR1, terminate_intr);
signal (SIGUSR2, terminate_intr);
}
static void uncapture_terminate(void)
{
terminate_addr = NULL;
signal (SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
signal (SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
signal (SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
signal (SIGUSR1, SIG_DFL);
signal (SIGUSR2, SIG_DFL);
}
/*
* Perform a read of a sequence of blocks; return the number of blocks
* successfully sequentially read.
*/
static long do_read (int dev, char * buffer, int try, int block_size,
unsigned long current_block)
{
long got;
if (v_flag > 1)
print_status();
/* Seek to the correct loc. */
if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size,
SEEK_SET) != (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size)
com_err (program_name, errno, _("during seek"));
/* Try the read */
got = read (dev, buffer, try * block_size);
if (got < 0)
got = 0;
if (got & 511)
fprintf(stderr, _("Weird value (%ld) in do_read\n"), got);
got /= block_size;
return got;
}
/*
* Perform a write of a sequence of blocks; return the number of blocks
* successfully sequentially written.
*/
static long do_write (int dev, char * buffer, int try, int block_size,
unsigned long current_block)
{
long got;
if (v_flag > 1)
print_status();
/* Seek to the correct loc. */
if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size,
SEEK_SET) != (ext2_loff_t) current_block * block_size)
com_err (program_name, errno, _("during seek"));
/* Try the write */
got = write (dev, buffer, try * block_size);
if (got < 0)
got = 0;
if (got & 511)
fprintf (stderr,
"Weird value (%ld) in do_write\n", got);
got /= block_size;
return got;
}
static int host_dev;
static void flush_bufs(void)
{
errcode_t retval;
retval = ext2fs_sync_device(host_dev, 1);
if (retval)
com_err(program_name, retval, _("during ext2fs_sync_device"));
}
static unsigned int test_ro (int dev, unsigned long last_block,
int block_size, unsigned long from_count,
unsigned long blocks_at_once)
{
char * blkbuf;
int try;
long got;
unsigned int bb_count = 0;
errcode_t errcode;
errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,&bb_iter);
if (errcode) {
com_err (program_name, errcode,
_("while beginning bad block list iteration"));
exit (1);
}
do {
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
} while (next_bad && next_bad < from_count);
blkbuf = malloc (blocks_at_once * block_size);
if (!blkbuf)
{
com_err (program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
exit (1);
}
flush_bufs();
if (v_flag) {
fprintf(stderr, _("Checking for bad blocks in read-only mode\n"));
fprintf (stderr, _("From block %lu to %lu\n"), from_count,
last_block);
}
try = blocks_at_once;
currently_testing = from_count;
num_blocks = last_block;
if (s_flag || v_flag > 1) {
fprintf(stderr,
_("Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): "));
if (v_flag <= 1)
alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
}
while (currently_testing < last_block)
{
if (next_bad) {
if (currently_testing == next_bad) {
/* fprintf (out, "%lu\n", nextbad); */
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
currently_testing++;
continue;
}
else if (currently_testing + try > next_bad)
try = next_bad - currently_testing;
}
if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
try = last_block - currently_testing;
got = do_read (dev, blkbuf, try, block_size, currently_testing);
currently_testing += got;
if (got == try) {
try = blocks_at_once;
continue;
}
else
try = 1;
if (got == 0) {
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++);
}
}
num_blocks = 0;
alarm(0);
if (s_flag || v_flag > 1)
fprintf(stderr, _(done_string));
fflush (stderr);
free (blkbuf);
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
return bb_count;
}
static unsigned int test_rw (int dev, unsigned long last_block,
int block_size, unsigned long from_count,
unsigned long blocks_at_once)
{
int i;
char * buffer;
static unsigned char pattern[] = {0xaa, 0x55, 0xff, 0x00};
unsigned int bb_count = 0;
buffer = malloc (2 * block_size);
if (!buffer)
{
com_err (program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
exit (1);
}
flush_bufs();
if (v_flag) {
fprintf(stderr,
_("Checking for bad blocks in read-write mode\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _("From block %lu to %lu\n"),
from_count, last_block);
}
for (i = 0; i < sizeof (pattern); i++) {
memset (buffer, pattern[i], block_size);
if (s_flag | v_flag)
fprintf (stderr, _("Writing pattern 0x%08x: "),
*((int *) buffer));
num_blocks = last_block;
currently_testing = from_count;
if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
for (;
currently_testing < last_block;
currently_testing++)
{
if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) currently_testing *
block_size, SEEK_SET) !=
(ext2_loff_t) currently_testing * block_size)
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("during seek on block %d"),
currently_testing);
if (v_flag > 1)
print_status();
write (dev, buffer, block_size);
}
num_blocks = 0;
alarm (0);
if (s_flag | v_flag)
fprintf(stderr, _(done_string));
flush_bufs();
if (s_flag | v_flag)
fprintf (stderr, _("Reading and comparing: "));
num_blocks = last_block;
currently_testing = from_count;
if (s_flag && v_flag <= 1)
alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
for (;
currently_testing < last_block;
currently_testing++)
{
if (ext2fs_llseek (dev, (ext2_loff_t) currently_testing *
block_size, SEEK_SET) !=
(ext2_loff_t) currently_testing * block_size)
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("during seek on block %d"),
currently_testing);
if (v_flag > 1)
print_status();
if ((read (dev, buffer + block_size, block_size)
!= block_size) ||
memcmp(buffer, buffer + block_size, block_size))
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing);
}
num_blocks = 0;
alarm (0);
if (s_flag | v_flag)
fprintf(stderr, _(done_string));
flush_bufs();
}
return bb_count;
}
struct saved_blk_record {
blk_t block;
int num;
};
static unsigned int test_nd (int dev, unsigned long last_block,
int block_size, unsigned long from_count,
unsigned long blocks_at_once)
{
char *blkbuf, *save_ptr, *test_ptr, *read_ptr;
char * ptr;
int try, i;
long got, used2, written, save_currently_testing;
struct saved_blk_record *test_record;
/* This is static to prevent being clobbered by the longjmp */
static int num_saved;
jmp_buf terminate_env;
errcode_t errcode;
long buf_used;
unsigned int bb_count;
errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,&bb_iter);
if (errcode) {
com_err (program_name, errcode,
_("while beginning bad block list iteration"));
exit (1);
}
do {
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
} while (next_bad && next_bad < from_count);
blkbuf = malloc (3 * blocks_at_once * block_size);
test_record = malloc (blocks_at_once*sizeof(struct saved_blk_record));
if (!blkbuf || !test_record) {
com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, _("while allocating buffers"));
exit (1);
}
num_saved = 0;
/* inititalize the test data randomly: */
if (v_flag) {
fprintf (stderr, _("Initializing random test data\n"));
}
for(ptr = blkbuf + blocks_at_once * block_size;
ptr < blkbuf + 2 * blocks_at_once * block_size;
++ptr) {
(*ptr) = random() % (1 << sizeof(char));
}
flush_bufs();
if (v_flag) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("Checking for bad blocks in non-destructive read-write mode\n"));
fprintf (stderr, _("From block %lu to %lu\n"), from_count, last_block);
}
if (s_flag || v_flag > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, _("Checking for bad blocks (non-destructive read-write test): "));
if (v_flag <= 1)
alarm_intr(SIGALRM);
}
if (setjmp(terminate_env)) {
/*
* Abnormal termination by a signal is handled here.
*/
signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
fprintf(stderr, _("\nInterrupt caught, cleaning up\n"));
save_ptr = blkbuf;
for (i=0; i < num_saved; i++) {
do_write(dev, save_ptr, test_record[i].num,
block_size, test_record[i].block);
save_ptr += test_record[i].num * block_size;
}
fflush (out);
exit(1);
}
/* set up abend handler */
capture_terminate(terminate_env);
buf_used = 0;
bb_count = 0;
save_ptr = blkbuf;
test_ptr = blkbuf + (blocks_at_once * block_size);
currently_testing = from_count;
num_blocks = last_block;
while (currently_testing < last_block) {
try = blocks_at_once - buf_used;
if (next_bad) {
if (currently_testing == next_bad) {
/* fprintf (out, "%lu\n", nextbad); */
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate (bb_iter, &next_bad);
currently_testing++;
goto check_for_more;
}
else if (currently_testing + try > next_bad)
try = next_bad - currently_testing;
}
if (currently_testing + try > last_block)
try = last_block - currently_testing;
got = do_read (dev, save_ptr, try, block_size,
currently_testing);
if (got == 0) {
/* First block must have been bad. */
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++);
goto check_for_more;
}
/*
* Note the fact that we've saved this much data
* *before* we overwrite it with test data
*/
test_record[num_saved].block = currently_testing;
test_record[num_saved].num = got;
num_saved++;
/* Write the test data */
written = do_write (dev, test_ptr, got, block_size,
currently_testing);
if (written != got)
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("during test data write, block %lu"),
currently_testing + written);
buf_used += got;
save_ptr += got * block_size;
test_ptr += got * block_size;
currently_testing += got;
if (got != try)
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing++);
check_for_more:
/*
* If there's room for more blocks to be tested this
* around, and we're not done yet testing the disk, go
* back and get some more blocks.
*/
if ((buf_used != blocks_at_once) &&
(currently_testing < last_block))
continue;
flush_bufs();
save_currently_testing = currently_testing;
/*
* for each contiguous block that we read into the
* buffer (and wrote test data into afterwards), read
* it back (looping if necessary, to get past newly
* discovered unreadable blocks, of which there should
* be none, but with a hard drive which is unreliable,
* it has happened), and compare with the test data
* that was written; output to the bad block list if
* it doesn't match.
*/
used2 = 0;
save_ptr = blkbuf;
test_ptr = blkbuf + (blocks_at_once * block_size);
read_ptr = blkbuf + (2 * blocks_at_once * block_size);
try = 0;
while (1) {
if (try == 0) {
if (used2 >= num_saved)
break;
currently_testing = test_record[used2].block;
try = test_record[used2].num;
used2++;
}
got = do_read (dev, read_ptr, try,
block_size, currently_testing);
/* test the comparison between all the
blocks successfully read */
for (i = 0; i < got; ++i)
if (memcmp (test_ptr+i*block_size,
read_ptr+i*block_size, block_size))
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing + i);
if (got < try) {
bb_count += bb_output(currently_testing + got);
got++;
}
/* when done, write back original data */
do_write (dev, save_ptr, got, block_size,
currently_testing);
currently_testing += got;
save_ptr += got * block_size;
test_ptr += got * block_size;
read_ptr += got * block_size;
try -= got;
}
/* empty the buffer so it can be reused */
num_saved = 0;
buf_used = 0;
save_ptr = blkbuf;
test_ptr = blkbuf + (blocks_at_once * block_size);
currently_testing = save_currently_testing;
}
num_blocks = 0;
alarm(0);
uncapture_terminate();
if (s_flag || v_flag > 1)
fprintf(stderr, _(done_string));
fflush(stderr);
free(blkbuf);
free(test_record);
ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
return bb_count;
}
static void check_mount(char *device_name)
{
errcode_t retval;
int mount_flags;
retval = ext2fs_check_if_mounted(device_name, &mount_flags);
if (retval) {
com_err("ext2fs_check_if_mount", retval,
_("while determining whether %s is mounted."),
device_name);
return;
}
if (!(mount_flags & EXT2_MF_MOUNTED))
return;
fprintf(stderr, _("%s is mounted; "), device_name);
if (force) {
fprintf(stderr, _("badblocks forced anyway. "
"Hope /etc/mtab is incorrect.\n"));
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, _("it's not safe to run badblocks!\n"));
exit(1);
}
int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
int c;
char * tmp;
char * device_name;
char * host_device_name = NULL;
char * input_file = NULL;
char * output_file = NULL;
FILE * in = NULL;
int block_size = 1024;
unsigned long blocks_at_once = 16;
blk_t last_block, from_count;
int num_passes = 0;
int passes_clean = 0;
int dev;
errcode_t errcode;
unsigned int (*test_func)(int, unsigned long,
int, unsigned long,
unsigned long);
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
setbuf(stderr, NULL);
#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR);
textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME);
#endif
test_func = test_ro;
if (argc && *argv)
program_name = *argv;
while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "b:fi:o:svwnc:p:h:")) != EOF) {
switch (c) {
case 'b':
block_size = strtoul (optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp || block_size > 4096) {
com_err (program_name, 0,
_("bad block size - %s"), optarg);
exit (1);
}
break;
case 'f':
force++;
break;
case 'i':
input_file = optarg;
break;
case 'o':
output_file = optarg;
break;
case 's':
s_flag = 1;
break;
case 'v':
v_flag++;
break;
case 'w':
if (w_flag)
usage();
test_func = test_rw;
w_flag = 1;
break;
case 'n':
if (w_flag)
usage();
test_func = test_nd;
w_flag = 2;
break;
case 'c':
blocks_at_once = strtoul (optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err (program_name, 0,
"bad simultaneous block count - %s", optarg);
exit (1);
}
break;
case 'p':
num_passes = strtoul (optarg, &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err (program_name, 0,
"bad number of clean passes - %s", optarg);
exit (1);
}
break;
case 'h':
host_device_name = optarg;
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
if (optind > argc - 1)
usage();
device_name = argv[optind++];
if (optind > argc - 1) {
errcode = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name,
block_size,
&last_block);
if (errcode == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
com_err(program_name, 0,
_("Couldn't determine device size; you "
"must specify\nthe size manually\n"));
exit(1);
}
if (errcode) {
com_err(program_name, errcode,
_("while trying to determine device size"));
exit(1);
}
} else {
last_block = strtoul (argv[optind], &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err (program_name, 0, _("bad blocks count - %s"),
argv[optind]);
exit (1);
}
optind++;
}
if (optind <= argc-1) {
from_count = strtoul (argv[optind], &tmp, 0);
if (*tmp) {
com_err (program_name, 0, _("bad starting block - %s"),
argv[optind]);
exit (1);
}
} else from_count = 0;
if (from_count >= last_block) {
com_err (program_name, 0, _("bad blocks range: %lu-%lu"),
from_count, last_block);
exit (1);
}
if (w_flag)
check_mount(device_name);
dev = open (device_name, O_RDWR);
if ((dev == -1) && ((errno == EPERM) || (errno == EACCES) ||
(errno == EROFS)) &&
(w_flag == 0))
dev = open(device_name, O_RDONLY);
if (dev == -1) {
com_err (program_name, errno, _("while trying to open %s"),
device_name);
exit (1);
}
if (host_device_name) {
host_dev = open (host_device_name, O_RDWR);
if ((host_dev == -1) &&
((errno == EPERM) || (errno == EACCES)))
host_dev = open(host_device_name, O_RDONLY);
if (host_dev == -1) {
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("while trying to open %s"),
host_device_name);
exit (1);
}
} else
host_dev = dev;
if (input_file) {
if (strcmp (input_file, "-") == 0)
in = stdin;
else {
in = fopen (input_file, "r");
if (in == NULL)
{
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("while trying to open %s"),
input_file);
exit (1);
}
}
}
if (output_file && strcmp (output_file, "-") != 0)
{
out = fopen (output_file, "w");
if (out == NULL)
{
com_err (program_name, errno,
_("while trying to open %s"),
output_file);
exit (1);
}
}
else
out = stdout;
errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_create(&bb_list,0);
if (errcode) {
com_err (program_name, errcode,
_("creating in-memory bad blocks list"));
exit (1);
}
if (in) {
for(;;) {
switch(fscanf (in, "%u\n", &next_bad)) {
case 0:
com_err (program_name, 0, "input file - bad format");
exit (1);
case EOF:
break;
default:
errcode = ext2fs_badblocks_list_add(bb_list,next_bad);
if (errcode) {
com_err (program_name, errcode, _("adding to in-memory bad block list"));
exit (1);
}
continue;
}
break;
}
if (in != stdin)
fclose (in);
}
do {
unsigned int bb_count;
bb_count = test_func(dev, last_block, block_size,
from_count, blocks_at_once);
if (bb_count)
passes_clean = 0;
else
++passes_clean;
if (v_flag)
fprintf(stderr,
_("Pass completed, %u bad blocks found.\n"),
bb_count);
} while (passes_clean < num_passes);
close (dev);
if (out != stdout)
fclose (out);
return 0;
}
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