kwin/composite.cpp

/********************************************************************
 KWin - the KDE window manager
 This file is part of the KDE project.

Copyright (C) 2006 Lubos Lunak <l.lunak@kde.org>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*********************************************************************/
#include "composite.h"

#include "dbusinterface.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include <QTextStream>
#include "workspace.h"
#include "client.h"
#include "unmanaged.h"
#include "deleted.h"
#include "effects.h"
#include "overlaywindow.h"
#include "scene.h"
#include "scene_xrender.h"
#include "scene_opengl.h"
#include "scene_qpainter.h"
#include "screens.h"
#include "shadow.h"
#include "useractions.h"
#include "compositingprefs.h"
#include "xcbutils.h"
#if HAVE_WAYLAND
#include "wayland_backend.h"
#endif
#include "decorations/decoratedclient.h"

#include <stdio.h>

#include <QtConcurrentRun>
#include <QFutureWatcher>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QTimerEvent>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <KGlobalAccel>
#include <KLocalizedString>
#include <KNotification>
#include <KSelectionWatcher>

#include <xcb/composite.h>
#include <xcb/damage.h>

Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(KWin::Compositor::SuspendReason)

namespace KWin
{

extern int currentRefreshRate();

CompositorSelectionOwner::CompositorSelectionOwner(const char *selection) : KSelectionOwner(selection), owning(false)
{
    connect (this, SIGNAL(lostOwnership()), SLOT(looseOwnership()));
}

void CompositorSelectionOwner::looseOwnership()
{
    owning = false;
}

KWIN_SINGLETON_FACTORY_VARIABLE(Compositor, s_compositor)

static inline qint64 milliToNano(int milli) { return milli * 1000 * 1000; }
static inline qint64 nanoToMilli(int nano) { return nano / (1000*1000); }

Compositor::Compositor(QObject* workspace)
    : QObject(workspace)
    , m_suspended(options->isUseCompositing() ? NoReasonSuspend : UserSuspend)
    , cm_selection(NULL)
    , vBlankInterval(0)
    , fpsInterval(0)
    , m_xrrRefreshRate(0)
    , forceUnredirectCheck(false)
    , m_finishing(false)
    , m_timeSinceLastVBlank(0)
    , m_scene(NULL)
    , m_bufferSwapPending(false)
    , m_composeAtSwapCompletion(false)
{
    qRegisterMetaType<Compositor::SuspendReason>("Compositor::SuspendReason");
    connect(&unredirectTimer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(delayedCheckUnredirect()));
    connect(&compositeResetTimer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(restart()));
    connect(workspace, SIGNAL(configChanged()), SLOT(slotConfigChanged()));
    connect(options, SIGNAL(unredirectFullscreenChanged()), SLOT(delayedCheckUnredirect()));
    unredirectTimer.setSingleShot(true);
    compositeResetTimer.setSingleShot(true);
    nextPaintReference.invalidate(); // Initialize the timer

    // 2 sec which should be enough to restart the compositor
    static const int compositorLostMessageDelay = 2000;

    m_releaseSelectionTimer.setSingleShot(true);
    m_releaseSelectionTimer.setInterval(compositorLostMessageDelay);
    connect(&m_releaseSelectionTimer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(releaseCompositorSelection()));

    m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer.setInterval(compositorLostMessageDelay);
    m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer.setSingleShot(true);
    connect(&m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(deleteUnusedSupportProperties()));
#if HAVE_WAYLAND
    if (kwinApp()->operationMode() != Application::OperationModeX11) {
        connect(Wayland::WaylandBackend::self(), &Wayland::WaylandBackend::systemCompositorDied, this, &Compositor::finish);
        connect(Wayland::WaylandBackend::self(), &Wayland::WaylandBackend::backendReady, this, &Compositor::setup);
    } else
#endif

    {
    // delay the call to setup by one event cycle
    // The ctor of this class is invoked from the Workspace ctor, that means before
    // Workspace is completely constructed, so calling Workspace::self() would result
    // in undefined behavior. This is fixed by using a delayed invocation.
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "setup", Qt::QueuedConnection);
    }

    // register DBus
    new CompositorDBusInterface(this);
}

Compositor::~Compositor()
{
    finish();
    deleteUnusedSupportProperties();
    delete cm_selection;
    s_compositor = NULL;
}


void Compositor::setup()
{
    if (hasScene())
        return;
    if (m_suspended) {
        QStringList reasons;
        if (m_suspended & UserSuspend) {
            reasons << QStringLiteral("Disabled by User");
        }
        if (m_suspended & BlockRuleSuspend) {
            reasons << QStringLiteral("Disabled by Window");
        }
        if (m_suspended & ScriptSuspend) {
            reasons << QStringLiteral("Disabled by Script");
        }
        qDebug() << "Compositing is suspended, reason:" << reasons;
        return;
    } else if (!CompositingPrefs::compositingPossible()) {
        qCritical() << "Compositing is not possible";
        return;
    }
    m_starting = true;

    if (!options->isCompositingInitialized()) {
        options->reloadCompositingSettings(true);
        slotCompositingOptionsInitialized();
    } else {
        slotCompositingOptionsInitialized();
    }
}

extern int screen_number; // main.cpp
extern bool is_multihead;

void Compositor::slotCompositingOptionsInitialized()
{
    char selection_name[ 100 ];
    sprintf(selection_name, "_NET_WM_CM_S%d", QX11Info::appScreen());
    if (!cm_selection) {
        cm_selection = new CompositorSelectionOwner(selection_name);
        connect(cm_selection, SIGNAL(lostOwnership()), SLOT(finish()));
    }
    if (!cm_selection->owning) {
        cm_selection->claim(true);   // force claiming
        cm_selection->owning = true;
    }

    // There might still be a deleted around, needs to be cleared before creating the scene (BUG 333275)
    while (!Workspace::self()->deletedList().isEmpty()) {
        Workspace::self()->deletedList().first()->discard();
    }

    switch(options->compositingMode()) {
    case OpenGLCompositing: {
        qDebug() << "Initializing OpenGL compositing";

        // Some broken drivers crash on glXQuery() so to prevent constant KWin crashes:
        KSharedConfigPtr unsafeConfigPtr = KSharedConfig::openConfig();
        KConfigGroup unsafeConfig(unsafeConfigPtr, "Compositing");
        const QString openGLIsUnsafe = QStringLiteral("OpenGLIsUnsafe") + (is_multihead ? QString::number(screen_number) : QString());
        if (unsafeConfig.readEntry(openGLIsUnsafe, false))
            qWarning() << "KWin has detected that your OpenGL library is unsafe to use";
        else {
            unsafeConfig.writeEntry(openGLIsUnsafe, true);
            unsafeConfig.sync();
#ifndef KWIN_HAVE_OPENGLES
            if (!CompositingPrefs::hasGlx()) {
                unsafeConfig.writeEntry(openGLIsUnsafe, false);
                unsafeConfig.sync();
                qDebug() << "No glx extensions available";
                break;
            }
#endif

            m_scene = SceneOpenGL::createScene();

            // TODO: Add 30 second delay to protect against screen freezes as well
            unsafeConfig.writeEntry(openGLIsUnsafe, false);
            unsafeConfig.sync();

            if (m_scene && !m_scene->initFailed()) {
                connect(static_cast<SceneOpenGL*>(m_scene), &SceneOpenGL::resetCompositing, this, &Compositor::restart);
                break; // -->
            }
            delete m_scene;
            m_scene = NULL;
        }

        // Do not Fall back to XRender - it causes problems when selfcheck fails during startup, but works later on
        break;
    }
#ifdef KWIN_HAVE_XRENDER_COMPOSITING
    case XRenderCompositing:
        qDebug() << "Initializing XRender compositing";
        m_scene = SceneXrender::createScene();
        break;
#endif
    case QPainterCompositing:
        qDebug() << "Initializing QPainter compositing";
        m_scene = SceneQPainter::createScene();
        break;
    default:
        qDebug() << "No compositing enabled";
        m_starting = false;
        cm_selection->owning = false;
        cm_selection->release();
        if (kwinApp()->requiresCompositing()) {
            qCritical() << "The used windowing system requires compositing";
            qCritical() << "We are going to quit KWin now as it is broken";
            qApp->quit();
        }
        return;
    }
    if (m_scene == NULL || m_scene->initFailed()) {
        qCritical() << "Failed to initialize compositing, compositing disabled";
        delete m_scene;
        m_scene = NULL;
        m_starting = false;
        cm_selection->owning = false;
        cm_selection->release();
        if (kwinApp()->requiresCompositing()) {
            qCritical() << "The used windowing system requires compositing";
            qCritical() << "We are going to quit KWin now as it is broken";
            qApp->quit();
        }
        return;
    }
    m_xrrRefreshRate = KWin::currentRefreshRate();
    fpsInterval = options->maxFpsInterval();
    if (m_scene->syncsToVBlank()) {  // if we do vsync, set the fps to the next multiple of the vblank rate
        vBlankInterval = milliToNano(1000) / m_xrrRefreshRate;
        fpsInterval = qMax((fpsInterval / vBlankInterval) * vBlankInterval, vBlankInterval);
    } else
        vBlankInterval = milliToNano(1); // no sync - DO NOT set "0", would cause div-by-zero segfaults.
    m_timeSinceLastVBlank = fpsInterval - (options->vBlankTime() + 1); // means "start now" - we don't have even a slight idea when the first vsync will occur
    scheduleRepaint();
    xcb_composite_redirect_subwindows(connection(), rootWindow(), XCB_COMPOSITE_REDIRECT_MANUAL);
    new EffectsHandlerImpl(this, m_scene);   // sets also the 'effects' pointer
    connect(effects, SIGNAL(screenGeometryChanged(QSize)), SLOT(addRepaintFull()));
    addRepaintFull();
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->clientList()) {
        c->setupCompositing();
        c->getShadow();
    }
    foreach (Client * c,  Workspace::self()->desktopList())
        c->setupCompositing();
    foreach (Unmanaged * c, Workspace::self()->unmanagedList()) {
        c->setupCompositing();
        c->getShadow();
    }

    emit compositingToggled(true);

    m_starting = false;
    if (m_releaseSelectionTimer.isActive()) {
        m_releaseSelectionTimer.stop();
    }

    // render at least once
    performCompositing();
}

void Compositor::scheduleRepaint()
{
    if (!compositeTimer.isActive())
        setCompositeTimer();
}

void Compositor::finish()
{
    if (!hasScene())
        return;
    m_finishing = true;
    m_releaseSelectionTimer.start();
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->clientList())
        m_scene->windowClosed(c, NULL);
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->desktopList())
        m_scene->windowClosed(c, NULL);
    foreach (Unmanaged * c, Workspace::self()->unmanagedList())
        m_scene->windowClosed(c, NULL);
    foreach (Deleted * c, Workspace::self()->deletedList())
        m_scene->windowDeleted(c);
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->clientList())
    c->finishCompositing();
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->desktopList())
    c->finishCompositing();
    foreach (Unmanaged * c, Workspace::self()->unmanagedList())
    c->finishCompositing();
    foreach (Deleted * c, Workspace::self()->deletedList())
    c->finishCompositing();
    xcb_composite_unredirect_subwindows(connection(), rootWindow(), XCB_COMPOSITE_REDIRECT_MANUAL);
    delete effects;
    effects = NULL;
    delete m_scene;
    m_scene = NULL;
    compositeTimer.stop();
    repaints_region = QRegion();
    for (ClientList::ConstIterator it = Workspace::self()->clientList().constBegin();
            it != Workspace::self()->clientList().constEnd();
            ++it) {
        // forward all opacity values to the frame in case there'll be other CM running
        if ((*it)->opacity() != 1.0) {
            NETWinInfo i(connection(), (*it)->frameId(), rootWindow(), 0, 0);
            i.setOpacity(static_cast< unsigned long >((*it)->opacity() * 0xffffffff));
        }
    }
    // discard all Deleted windows (#152914)
    while (!Workspace::self()->deletedList().isEmpty())
        Workspace::self()->deletedList().first()->discard();
    m_finishing = false;
    emit compositingToggled(false);
}

void Compositor::releaseCompositorSelection()
{
    if (hasScene() && !m_finishing) {
        // compositor is up and running again, no need to release the selection
        return;
    }
    if (m_starting) {
        // currently still starting the compositor, it might fail, so restart the timer to test again
        m_releaseSelectionTimer.start();
        return;
    }

    if (m_finishing) {
        // still shutting down, a restart might follow, so restart the timer to test again
        m_releaseSelectionTimer.start();
        return;
    }
    qDebug() << "Releasing compositor selection";
    cm_selection->owning = false;
    cm_selection->release();
}

void Compositor::keepSupportProperty(xcb_atom_t atom)
{
    m_unusedSupportProperties.removeAll(atom);
}

void Compositor::removeSupportProperty(xcb_atom_t atom)
{
    m_unusedSupportProperties << atom;
    m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer.start();
}

void Compositor::deleteUnusedSupportProperties()
{
    if (m_starting) {
        // currently still starting the compositor
        m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer.start();
        return;
    }
    if (m_finishing) {
        // still shutting down, a restart might follow
        m_unusedSupportPropertyTimer.start();
        return;
    }
    foreach (const xcb_atom_t &atom, m_unusedSupportProperties) {
        // remove property from root window
        xcb_delete_property(connection(), rootWindow(), atom);
    }
}

// OpenGL self-check failed, fallback to XRender
void Compositor::fallbackToXRenderCompositing()
{
    finish();
    KConfigGroup config(KSharedConfig::openConfig(), "Compositing");
    config.writeEntry("Backend", "XRender");
    config.sync();
    options->setCompositingMode(XRenderCompositing);
    setup();
}

void Compositor::slotConfigChanged()
{
    if (!m_suspended) {
        setup();
        if (effects)   // setupCompositing() may fail
            effects->reconfigure();
        addRepaintFull();
    } else
        finish();
}

void Compositor::slotReinitialize()
{
    // Reparse config. Config options will be reloaded by setup()
    KSharedConfig::openConfig()->reparseConfiguration();

    // Restart compositing
    finish();
    // resume compositing if suspended
    m_suspended = NoReasonSuspend;
    options->setCompositingInitialized(false);
    setup();

    if (effects) { // setup() may fail
        effects->reconfigure();
    }
}

// for the shortcut
void Compositor::slotToggleCompositing()
{
    if (kwinApp()->requiresCompositing()) {
        // we are not allowed to turn on/off compositing
        return;
    }
    if (m_suspended) { // direct user call; clear all bits
        resume(AllReasonSuspend);
    } else { // but only set the user one (sufficient to suspend)
        suspend(UserSuspend);
    }
}

void Compositor::updateCompositeBlocking()
{
    updateCompositeBlocking(NULL);
}

void Compositor::updateCompositeBlocking(Client *c)
{
    if (kwinApp()->requiresCompositing()) {
        return;
    }
    if (c) { // if c == 0 we just check if we can resume
        if (c->isBlockingCompositing()) {
            if (!(m_suspended & BlockRuleSuspend)) // do NOT attempt to call suspend(true); from within the eventchain!
                QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "suspend", Qt::QueuedConnection, Q_ARG(Compositor::SuspendReason, BlockRuleSuspend));
        }
    }
    else if (m_suspended & BlockRuleSuspend) {  // lost a client and we're blocked - can we resume?
        bool resume = true;
        for (ClientList::ConstIterator it = Workspace::self()->clientList().constBegin(); it != Workspace::self()->clientList().constEnd(); ++it) {
            if ((*it)->isBlockingCompositing()) {
                resume = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (resume) { // do NOT attempt to call suspend(false); from within the eventchain!
            QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, "resume", Qt::QueuedConnection, Q_ARG(Compositor::SuspendReason, BlockRuleSuspend));
        }
    }
}

void Compositor::suspend(Compositor::SuspendReason reason)
{
    if (kwinApp()->requiresCompositing()) {
        return;
    }
    Q_ASSERT(reason != NoReasonSuspend);
    m_suspended |= reason;
    if (reason & KWin::Compositor::ScriptSuspend) {
        // when disabled show a shortcut how the user can get back compositing
        const auto shortcuts = KGlobalAccel::self()->shortcut(workspace()->findChild<QAction*>(QStringLiteral("Suspend Compositing")));
        if (!shortcuts.isEmpty()) {
            // display notification only if there is the shortcut
            const QString message = i18n("Desktop effects have been suspended by another application.<br/>"
                                         "You can resume using the '%1' shortcut.", shortcuts.first().toString(QKeySequence::NativeText));
            KNotification::event(QStringLiteral("compositingsuspendeddbus"), message);
        }
    }
    finish();
}

void Compositor::resume(Compositor::SuspendReason reason)
{
    Q_ASSERT(reason != NoReasonSuspend);
    m_suspended &= ~reason;
    setup(); // signal "toggled" is eventually emitted from within setup
}

void Compositor::restart()
{
    if (hasScene()) {
        finish();
        QTimer::singleShot(0, this, SLOT(setup()));
    }
}

void Compositor::addRepaint(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    if (!hasScene())
        return;
    repaints_region += QRegion(x, y, w, h);
    scheduleRepaint();
}

void Compositor::addRepaint(const QRect& r)
{
    if (!hasScene())
        return;
    repaints_region += r;
    scheduleRepaint();
}

void Compositor::addRepaint(const QRegion& r)
{
    if (!hasScene())
        return;
    repaints_region += r;
    scheduleRepaint();
}

void Compositor::addRepaintFull()
{
    if (!hasScene())
        return;
    const QSize &s = screens()->size();
    repaints_region = QRegion(0, 0, s.width(), s.height());
    scheduleRepaint();
}

void Compositor::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *te)
{
    if (te->timerId() == compositeTimer.timerId()) {
        performCompositing();
    } else
        QObject::timerEvent(te);
}

void Compositor::aboutToSwapBuffers()
{
    assert(!m_bufferSwapPending);

    m_bufferSwapPending = true;
}

void Compositor::bufferSwapComplete()
{
    assert(m_bufferSwapPending);
    m_bufferSwapPending = false;

    if (m_composeAtSwapCompletion) {
        m_composeAtSwapCompletion = false;
        performCompositing();
    }
}

void Compositor::performCompositing()
{
    if (m_scene->usesOverlayWindow() && !isOverlayWindowVisible())
        return; // nothing is visible anyway

    // If a buffer swap is still pending, we return to the event loop and
    // continue processing events until the swap has completed.
    if (m_bufferSwapPending) {
        m_composeAtSwapCompletion = true;
        compositeTimer.stop();
        return;
    }

    // Create a list of all windows in the stacking order
    ToplevelList windows = Workspace::self()->xStackingOrder();
    ToplevelList damaged;

    // Reset the damage state of each window and fetch the damage region
    // without waiting for a reply
    foreach (Toplevel *win, windows) {
        if (win->resetAndFetchDamage())
            damaged << win;
    }

    if (damaged.count() > 0) {
        m_scene->triggerFence();
        xcb_flush(connection());
    }

    // Move elevated windows to the top of the stacking order
    foreach (EffectWindow *c, static_cast<EffectsHandlerImpl *>(effects)->elevatedWindows()) {
        Toplevel* t = static_cast< EffectWindowImpl* >(c)->window();
        windows.removeAll(t);
        windows.append(t);
    }

    // Get the replies
    foreach (Toplevel *win, damaged) {
        // Discard the cached lanczos texture
        if (win->effectWindow()) {
            const QVariant texture = win->effectWindow()->data(LanczosCacheRole);
            if (texture.isValid()) {
                delete static_cast<GLTexture *>(texture.value<void*>());
                win->effectWindow()->setData(LanczosCacheRole, QVariant());
            }
        }

        win->getDamageRegionReply();
    }

    if (repaints_region.isEmpty() && !windowRepaintsPending()) {
        m_scene->idle();
        m_timeSinceLastVBlank = fpsInterval - (options->vBlankTime() + 1); // means "start now"
        // Note: It would seem here we should undo suspended unredirect, but when scenes need
        // it for some reason, e.g. transformations or translucency, the next pass that does not
        // need this anymore and paints normally will also reset the suspended unredirect.
        // Otherwise the window would not be painted normally anyway.
        compositeTimer.stop();
        return;
    }

    // skip windows that are not yet ready for being painted
    // TODO ?
    // this cannot be used so carelessly - needs protections against broken clients, the window
    // should not get focus before it's displayed, handle unredirected windows properly and so on.
    foreach (Toplevel *t, windows)
        if (!t->readyForPainting())
            windows.removeAll(t);

    QRegion repaints = repaints_region;
    // clear all repaints, so that post-pass can add repaints for the next repaint
    repaints_region = QRegion();

    m_timeSinceLastVBlank = m_scene->paint(repaints, windows);

    compositeTimer.stop(); // stop here to ensure *we* cause the next repaint schedule - not some effect through m_scene->paint()

    // Trigger at least one more pass even if there would be nothing to paint, so that scene->idle()
    // is called the next time. If there would be nothing pending, it will not restart the timer and
    // scheduleRepaint() would restart it again somewhen later, called from functions that
    // would again add something pending.
    scheduleRepaint();
}

bool Compositor::windowRepaintsPending() const
{
    foreach (Toplevel * c, Workspace::self()->clientList())
    if (!c->repaints().isEmpty())
        return true;
    foreach (Toplevel * c, Workspace::self()->desktopList())
    if (!c->repaints().isEmpty())
        return true;
    foreach (Toplevel * c, Workspace::self()->unmanagedList())
    if (!c->repaints().isEmpty())
        return true;
    foreach (Toplevel * c, Workspace::self()->deletedList())
    if (!c->repaints().isEmpty())
        return true;
    return false;
}

void Compositor::setCompositeResetTimer(int msecs)
{
    compositeResetTimer.start(msecs);
}

void Compositor::setCompositeTimer()
{
    if (!hasScene())  // should not really happen, but there may be e.g. some damage events still pending
        return;

    // Don't start the timer if we're waiting for a swap event
    if (m_bufferSwapPending && m_composeAtSwapCompletion)
        return;

    uint waitTime = 1;

    if (m_scene->blocksForRetrace()) {

        // TODO: make vBlankTime dynamic?!
        // It's required because glXWaitVideoSync will *likely* block a full frame if one enters
        // a retrace pass which can last a variable amount of time, depending on the actual screen
        // Now, my ooold 19" CRT can do such retrace so that 2ms are entirely sufficient,
        // while another ooold 15" TFT requires about 6ms

        qint64 padding = m_timeSinceLastVBlank;
        if (padding > fpsInterval) {
            // we're at low repaints or spent more time in painting than the user wanted to wait for that frame
            padding = vBlankInterval - (padding%vBlankInterval); // -> align to next vblank
        } else {  // -> align to the next maxFps tick
            padding = ((vBlankInterval - padding%vBlankInterval) + (fpsInterval/vBlankInterval-1)*vBlankInterval);
            //               "remaining time of the first vsync" + "time for the other vsyncs of the frame"
        }

        if (padding < options->vBlankTime()) { // we'll likely miss this frame
            waitTime = nanoToMilli(padding + vBlankInterval - options->vBlankTime()); // so we add one
        } else {
            waitTime = nanoToMilli(padding - options->vBlankTime());
        }
    }
    else { // w/o blocking vsync we just jump to the next demanded tick
        if (fpsInterval > m_timeSinceLastVBlank) {
            waitTime = nanoToMilli(fpsInterval - m_timeSinceLastVBlank);
            if (!waitTime) {
                waitTime = 1; // will ensure we don't block out the eventloop - the system's just not faster ...
            }
        }/* else if (m_scene->syncsToVBlank() && m_timeSinceLastVBlank - fpsInterval < (vBlankInterval<<1)) {
            // NOTICE - "for later" ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // It can happen that we push two frames within one refresh cycle.
            // Swapping will then block even with triple buffering when the GPU does not discard but
            // queues frames
            // now here's the mean part: if we take that as "OMG, we're late - next frame ASAP",
            // there'll immediately be 2 frames in the pipe, swapping will block, we think we're
            // late ... ewww
            // so instead we pad to the clock again and add 2ms safety to ensure the pipe is really
            // free
            // NOTICE: obviously m_timeSinceLastVBlank can be too big because we're too slow as well
            // So if this code was enabled, we'd needlessly half the framerate once more (15 instead of 30)
            waitTime = nanoToMilli(vBlankInterval - (m_timeSinceLastVBlank - fpsInterval)%vBlankInterval) + 2;
        }*/ else {
            waitTime = 1; // ... "0" would be sufficient, but the compositor isn't the WMs only task
        }
    }
    compositeTimer.start(qMin(waitTime, 250u), this); // force 4fps minimum
}

bool Compositor::isActive()
{
    return !m_finishing && hasScene();
}

void Compositor::checkUnredirect()
{
    checkUnredirect(false);
}

// force is needed when the list of windows changes (e.g. a window goes away)
void Compositor::checkUnredirect(bool force)
{
    if (!hasScene() || !m_scene->overlayWindow() || m_scene->overlayWindow()->window() == None || !options->isUnredirectFullscreen())
        return;
    if (force)
        forceUnredirectCheck = true;
    if (!unredirectTimer.isActive())
        unredirectTimer.start(0);
}

void Compositor::delayedCheckUnredirect()
{
    if (!hasScene() || !m_scene->overlayWindow() || m_scene->overlayWindow()->window() == None || !(options->isUnredirectFullscreen() || sender() == options))
        return;
    ToplevelList list;
    bool changed = forceUnredirectCheck;
    foreach (Client * c, Workspace::self()->clientList())
    list.append(c);
    foreach (Unmanaged * c, Workspace::self()->unmanagedList())
    list.append(c);
    foreach (Toplevel * c, list) {
        if (c->updateUnredirectedState())
            changed = true;
    }
    // no desktops, no Deleted ones
    if (!changed)
        return;
    forceUnredirectCheck = false;
    // Cut out parts from the overlay window where unredirected windows are,
    // so that they are actually visible.
    const QSize &s = screens()->size();
    QRegion reg(0, 0, s.width(), s.height());
    foreach (Toplevel * c, list) {
        if (c->unredirected())
            reg -= c->geometry();
    }
    m_scene->overlayWindow()->setShape(reg);
}

bool Compositor::checkForOverlayWindow(WId w) const
{
    if (!hasScene()) {
        // no scene, so it cannot be the overlay window
        return false;
    }
    if (!m_scene->overlayWindow()) {
        // no overlay window, it cannot be the overlay
        return false;
    }
    // and compare the window ID's
    return w == m_scene->overlayWindow()->window();
}

WId Compositor::overlayWindow() const
{
    if (!hasScene()) {
        return None;
    }
    if (!m_scene->overlayWindow()) {
        return None;
    }
    return m_scene->overlayWindow()->window();
}

bool Compositor::isOverlayWindowVisible() const
{
    if (!hasScene()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!m_scene->overlayWindow()) {
        return false;
    }
    return m_scene->overlayWindow()->isVisible();
}

void Compositor::setOverlayWindowVisibility(bool visible)
{
    if (hasScene() && m_scene->overlayWindow()) {
        m_scene->overlayWindow()->setVisibility(visible);
    }
}

/*****************************************************
 * Workspace
 ****************************************************/

bool Workspace::compositing() const
{
    return m_compositor && m_compositor->hasScene();
}

//****************************************
// Toplevel
//****************************************

bool Toplevel::setupCompositing()
{
    if (!compositing())
        return false;

    if (damage_handle != XCB_NONE)
        return false;

    damage_handle = xcb_generate_id(connection());
    xcb_damage_create(connection(), damage_handle, frameId(), XCB_DAMAGE_REPORT_LEVEL_NON_EMPTY);

    damage_region = QRegion(0, 0, width(), height());
    effect_window = new EffectWindowImpl(this);
    unredirect = false;

    Compositor::self()->checkUnredirect(true);
    Compositor::self()->scene()->windowAdded(this);

    // With unmanaged windows there is a race condition between the client painting the window
    // and us setting up damage tracking.  If the client wins we won't get a damage event even
    // though the window has been painted.  To avoid this we mark the whole window as damaged
    // and schedule a repaint immediately after creating the damage object.
    if (dynamic_cast<Unmanaged*>(this))
        addDamageFull();

    return true;
}

void Toplevel::finishCompositing(ReleaseReason releaseReason)
{
    if (damage_handle == XCB_NONE)
        return;
    Compositor::self()->checkUnredirect(true);
    if (effect_window->window() == this) { // otherwise it's already passed to Deleted, don't free data
        discardWindowPixmap();
        delete effect_window;
    }

    if (releaseReason != ReleaseReason::Destroyed) {
        xcb_damage_destroy(connection(), damage_handle);
    }

    damage_handle = XCB_NONE;
    damage_region = QRegion();
    repaints_region = QRegion();
    effect_window = NULL;
}

void Toplevel::discardWindowPixmap()
{
    addDamageFull();
    if (effectWindow() != NULL && effectWindow()->sceneWindow() != NULL)
        effectWindow()->sceneWindow()->pixmapDiscarded();
}

void Toplevel::damageNotifyEvent()
{
    m_isDamaged = true;

    // Note: The rect is supposed to specify the damage extents,
    //       but we don't know it at this point. No one who connects
    //       to this signal uses the rect however.
    emit damaged(this, QRect());
}

bool Toplevel::compositing() const
{
    return Workspace::self()->compositing();
}

void Client::damageNotifyEvent()
{
    if (syncRequest.isPending && isResize()) {
        emit damaged(this, QRect());
        m_isDamaged = true;
        return;
    }

    if (!ready_for_painting) { // avoid "setReadyForPainting()" function calling overhead
        if (syncRequest.counter == XCB_NONE)   // cannot detect complete redraw, consider done now
            setReadyForPainting();
    }

    Toplevel::damageNotifyEvent();
}

bool Toplevel::resetAndFetchDamage()
{
    if (!m_isDamaged)
        return false;

    xcb_connection_t *conn = connection();

    // Create a new region and copy the damage region to it,
    // resetting the damaged state.
    xcb_xfixes_region_t region = xcb_generate_id(conn);
    xcb_xfixes_create_region(conn, region, 0, 0);
    xcb_damage_subtract(conn, damage_handle, 0, region);

    // Send a fetch-region request and destroy the region
    m_regionCookie = xcb_xfixes_fetch_region_unchecked(conn, region);
    xcb_xfixes_destroy_region(conn, region);

    m_isDamaged = false;
    m_damageReplyPending = true;

    return m_damageReplyPending;
}

void Toplevel::getDamageRegionReply()
{
    if (!m_damageReplyPending)
        return;

    m_damageReplyPending = false;

    // Get the fetch-region reply
    xcb_xfixes_fetch_region_reply_t *reply =
            xcb_xfixes_fetch_region_reply(connection(), m_regionCookie, 0);

    if (!reply)
        return;

    // Convert the reply to a QRegion
    int count = xcb_xfixes_fetch_region_rectangles_length(reply);
    QRegion region;

    if (count > 1 && count < 16) {
        xcb_rectangle_t *rects = xcb_xfixes_fetch_region_rectangles(reply);

        QVector<QRect> qrects;
        qrects.reserve(count);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            qrects << QRect(rects[i].x, rects[i].y, rects[i].width, rects[i].height);

        region.setRects(qrects.constData(), count);
    } else
        region += QRect(reply->extents.x, reply->extents.y,
                        reply->extents.width, reply->extents.height);

    damage_region += region;
    repaints_region += region;

    free(reply);
}

void Toplevel::addDamageFull()
{
    if (!compositing())
        return;

    damage_region = rect();
    repaints_region |= rect();

    emit damaged(this, rect());
}

void Toplevel::resetDamage()
{
    damage_region = QRegion();
}

void Toplevel::addRepaint(const QRect& r)
{
    if (!compositing()) {
        return;
    }
    repaints_region += r;
    emit needsRepaint();
}

void Toplevel::addRepaint(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    QRect r(x, y, w, h);
    addRepaint(r);
}

void Toplevel::addRepaint(const QRegion& r)
{
    if (!compositing()) {
        return;
    }
    repaints_region += r;
    emit needsRepaint();
}

void Toplevel::addLayerRepaint(const QRect& r)
{
    if (!compositing()) {
        return;
    }
    layer_repaints_region += r;
    emit needsRepaint();
}

void Toplevel::addLayerRepaint(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    QRect r(x, y, w, h);
    addLayerRepaint(r);
}

void Toplevel::addLayerRepaint(const QRegion& r)
{
    if (!compositing())
        return;
    layer_repaints_region += r;
    emit needsRepaint();
}

void Toplevel::addRepaintFull()
{
    repaints_region = visibleRect().translated(-pos());
    emit needsRepaint();
}

void Toplevel::resetRepaints()
{
    repaints_region = QRegion();
    layer_repaints_region = QRegion();
}

void Toplevel::addWorkspaceRepaint(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    addWorkspaceRepaint(QRect(x, y, w, h));
}

void Toplevel::addWorkspaceRepaint(const QRect& r2)
{
    if (!compositing())
        return;
    Compositor::self()->addRepaint(r2);
}

bool Toplevel::updateUnredirectedState()
{
    assert(compositing());
    bool should = options->isUnredirectFullscreen() && shouldUnredirect() && !unredirectSuspend &&
                  !shape() && !hasAlpha() && opacity() == 1.0 &&
                  !static_cast<EffectsHandlerImpl*>(effects)->activeFullScreenEffect();
    if (should == unredirect)
        return false;
    static QElapsedTimer lastUnredirect;
    static const qint64 msecRedirectInterval = 100;
    if (!lastUnredirect.hasExpired(msecRedirectInterval)) {
        QTimer::singleShot(msecRedirectInterval, Compositor::self(), SLOT(checkUnredirect()));
        return false;
    }
    lastUnredirect.start();
    unredirect = should;
    if (unredirect) {
        qDebug() << "Unredirecting:" << this;
        xcb_composite_unredirect_window(connection(), frameId(), XCB_COMPOSITE_REDIRECT_MANUAL);
    } else {
        qDebug() << "Redirecting:" << this;
        xcb_composite_redirect_window(connection(), frameId(), XCB_COMPOSITE_REDIRECT_MANUAL);
        discardWindowPixmap();
    }
    return true;
}

void Toplevel::suspendUnredirect(bool suspend)
{
    if (unredirectSuspend == suspend)
        return;
    unredirectSuspend = suspend;
    Compositor::self()->checkUnredirect();
}

//****************************************
// Client
//****************************************

bool Client::setupCompositing()
{
    if (!Toplevel::setupCompositing()){
        return false;
    }
    if (isDecorated()) {
        decoratedClient()->destroyRenderer();
    }
    updateVisibility(); // for internalKeep()
    return true;
}

void Client::finishCompositing(ReleaseReason releaseReason)
{
    Toplevel::finishCompositing(releaseReason);
    updateVisibility();
    if (!deleting) {
        if (isDecorated()) {
            decoratedClient()->destroyRenderer();
        }
    }
    // for safety in case KWin is just resizing the window
    s_haveResizeEffect = false;
}

bool Client::shouldUnredirect() const
{
    if (isActiveFullScreen()) {
        ToplevelList stacking = workspace()->xStackingOrder();
        for (int pos = stacking.count() - 1;
                pos >= 0;
                --pos) {
            Toplevel* c = stacking.at(pos);
            if (c == this)   // is not covered by any other window, ok to unredirect
                return true;
            if (c->geometry().intersects(geometry()))
                return false;
        }
        abort();
    }
    return false;
}


//****************************************
// Unmanaged
//****************************************

bool Unmanaged::shouldUnredirect() const
{
    // the pixmap is needed for the login effect, a nicer solution would be the login effect increasing
    // refcount for the window pixmap (which would prevent unredirect), avoiding this hack
    if (resourceClass() == "ksplashx"
            || resourceClass() == "ksplashsimple"
            || resourceClass() == "ksplashqml"
            )
        return false;
// it must cover whole display or one xinerama screen, and be the topmost there
    const int desktop = VirtualDesktopManager::self()->current();
    if (geometry() == workspace()->clientArea(FullArea, geometry().center(), desktop)
            || geometry() == workspace()->clientArea(ScreenArea, geometry().center(), desktop)) {
        ToplevelList stacking = workspace()->xStackingOrder();
        for (int pos = stacking.count() - 1;
                pos >= 0;
                --pos) {
            Toplevel* c = stacking.at(pos);
            if (c == this)   // is not covered by any other window, ok to unredirect
                return true;
            if (c->geometry().intersects(geometry()))
                return false;
        }
        abort();
    }
    return false;
}

//****************************************
// Deleted
//****************************************

bool Deleted::shouldUnredirect() const
{
    return false;
}


} // namespace